高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：代　詞

　　1.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中人稱代詞的使用應(yīng)該根據(jù)人稱代詞具體作什么成分而定。

　　It was I that first arrived at the airport.

　　2.句子中沒有謂語動(dòng)詞，也就是說謂語動(dòng)詞被省略時(shí)，人稱代詞要用賓格。

　　—I’d like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.

　　—Me，too.

　　3.當(dāng)說話者不清楚或沒必要知道說話對(duì)象的性別時(shí)，可以用it來表示。

　　It’s a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?

　　二、物主代詞的用法

　　形容詞性物主代詞不與a，those，some，another，which等詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞，但在雙重所有格中可同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞，如：each sister of his。

　　三、反身代詞的用法

　　含有反身代詞的動(dòng)詞短語：

　　devote oneself to致力于

　　dress oneself自己穿衣

　　enjoy oneself過得快活

　　feel oneself覺得正常

　　四、指示代詞的用法

　　1.this，that的用法

　　(1)在打電話時(shí)，this指自己，that指別人。

　　(2)習(xí)慣用法：that is to say也就是說。

　　2.such，so，same的用法

　　(1)such指如前所述的這樣的人或事物。此時(shí)，如果遇到a/an，such必須放在其前;如果遇到no，two，several等詞時(shí)，such必須置于其后。

　　Tom is such a nice person.

　　(2)so作指示代詞時(shí)，代替一個(gè)句子或短語所表達(dá)的事情。

　　—Have you phoned your parents?

　　—No，but I’ll do so soon.

　　(3)same

　　①same必須與定冠詞the連用，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語或定語。

　　The same happened once.

　?、趖he same后跟as用以引出所談及的范圍，as后可以是名詞、代詞，也可以是句子。

　　He is of the same age as you.

　　五、不定代詞的用法

　　1.none，nobody/no one，nothing的用法區(qū)別

　　(1)none既可指人，也可指物，且表數(shù)量概念，?；卮餳ow many，how much引導(dǎo)的疑問句;nobody/no one只能指人，且表泛指概念，?；卮饂ho引導(dǎo)的疑問句;nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念，?；卮饂hat引導(dǎo)的疑問句。

　　—How much money do you have?

　　—None.

　　(2)none后面可跟of短語，而nothing和nobody/no one卻不能。

　　None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.

　　2.one與it用于替代時(shí)的區(qū)別

　　one用于指代與前面提到的相似的人或物;it用于指代前面所提到的同一件事或物。

　　Your hat is really pretty.I’d like to buy one.

　　Your skirt is beautiful.Where did you buy it?

　　六、幾個(gè)特殊的短語

　　1.What for?為何目的?為何理由?(=Why?)

　　2.What if...?要是……會(huì)怎樣呢?

　　3.What about/How about...?做……好嗎?(用于征求意見，后面常接動(dòng)名詞)。

　　高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：主謂一致

　　一、就近一致原則

　　1.由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語時(shí)，通常根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。

　　Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.

　　2.here/there引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。

　　Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.

　　二、意義一致原則

　　1.謂語動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)的情況

　　(1)表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠)，news(消息)等作主語時(shí)，雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。

　　Politics is his favorite subject.

　　(2)表示某些組織機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞、書/報(bào)名、國名、地名等作主語時(shí)，雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但所表示的意義是單數(shù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　Do you know when the United Nations was set up?

　　2.謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)的情況

　　表示總稱意義的名詞，如people，police，public，cattle等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　The police are searching for the murderer.

　　3.謂語動(dòng)詞的形式依據(jù)主語表示的意義而定

　　(1)集體名詞，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)其在語境中表示的意義而定。當(dāng)其表示集體意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);當(dāng)其表示集體中各個(gè)組成部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.

　　(2)“the+形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　The poor were looked down upon in the old days.

　　三、語法一致原則

　　1.由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語

　　(1)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞單數(shù)”表示一個(gè)人(雙重身份)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.

　　(2)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+a/the+名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個(gè)人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　The teacher and the poet have just arrived.

　　(3)“every+名詞單數(shù)+and+every+名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個(gè)人，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.

　　(4)通常由兩個(gè)部件組成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　Bread and butter is not to his taste.

　　2.表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度及價(jià)格的名詞，盡管有時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)形式但常被看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　Is fifty pounds enough?

　　3.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)of后的名詞的形式來定，如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　Two­thirds of the books are about science.

　　Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.

　　相關(guān)練習(xí)題

　　1.Our company is seeking for a manager，especially________with creativity and imagination.

　　A.the one B.each

　　C.one D.that

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查代詞的用法。此處one代替a manager。句意為：我們公司正在尋找一位經(jīng)理，尤其是一位具有創(chuàng)造力和想象力的經(jīng)理。

　　2.The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase________.

　　A.them B.those

　　C.it D.that

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查代詞的用法。此處it表同一指代，指代the employment rate。句意為：就業(yè)率在大城市繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，這多虧了當(dāng)?shù)卣黾泳蜆I(yè)率的努力。

　　3.—Excuse me，do you want David or Brown to do it?

　　—________is up to the job，I’m afraid.

　　A.Either B.Both C.None D.Neither

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查代詞的用法。句意為：——打擾一下，你想讓David還是Brown做這項(xiàng)工作呢?——恐怕兩者都不能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。neither表示“兩者都不”，符合句意。

　　4.Some experts are warning that the step the US government has taken to deal with the current crisis is ________ of much risk.

　　A.ones B.those C.that D.one

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查代詞的用法。此處one代替step。句意為：一些專家警告美國政府對(duì)待目前經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)所采取的步驟是很危險(xiǎn)的一步。

　　5.The old lady is said to have three children，two of ________ studying abroad.

　　A.whom B.them C.all D.who

　　答案　B

　　解析　“two of ________ studying abroad”不是句子而是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B。

　　6.I tried two different methods，yet ________ of them seemed to work very well.

　　A.neither B.none

　　C.each D.both

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查代詞的用法。句意為：我試了兩種不同的方法，但似乎沒有一種起作用。根據(jù)two different ways可知選neither，表示“兩者都不”。

　　7.If I can help ________，I prefer living in Hangzhou because the weather here is better than ________ of Zhengzhou.

　　A.that;that B.it;that

　　C.that;one D.it;it

　　答案　B

　　解析　it指代下文的內(nèi)容;that指代上文中的不可數(shù)名詞weather。

　　8.It is not J.K.Rowling but her works that ________ us excited.

　　A.makes B.is made

　　C.make D.are made

　　答案　C

　　解析　本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語，由not...but...連接名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和but后的內(nèi)容取得一致，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案為C。

　　9.________ likes money，but money is not ________.

　　A.Everyone;everything B.Anyone;anything

　　C.Someone;nothing D.Nobody;everything

　　答案　A

　　解析　not與everything構(gòu)成部分否定。句意為：人人愛金錢，但金錢不是萬能的。

　　10.Butter and bread ________ their daily food，but the bread and the butter ________ up now.

　　A.is;is eaten B.are;have been eaten

　　C.are;are eaten D.is;have been eaten

　　答案　D

　　解析　butter and bread抹上黃油的面包，已經(jīng)是一種約定俗成的食物了，所以用單數(shù)形式;the bread and the butter意為“面包和黃油”，是兩種食物，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　11.An average of 200 letters a week ________ received by the newspaper’s offer.Such ________ the case with us at present.

　　A.are;is B.has been;has been

　　C.have been;is D.is;are

　　答案　A

　　解析　an average of+名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);the average of+名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);第二個(gè)句子是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是the case，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　12.At the bus stop ________ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.

　　A.were B.was C.is D.sits

　　答案　A

　　解析　表處所的介詞短語置于句首時(shí)句子要用倒裝，該句的主語是a soldier and two young people，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　13.The teacher together with the students ________ discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America.

　　A.are;were B.is;were

　　C.are;was D.is;was

　　答案　D

　　解析　“主語+together with+名詞/代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，句中謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)前面的主語定;先行詞Reading Skills應(yīng)是一本書的名字，其定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　14.Either you or one of your students ________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

　　A.are B.is C.have D.be

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意為：你或者你的一位學(xué)生要參加定于明天的會(huì)議。本題主語由either...or...連接，謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)or之后的部分來確定單復(fù)數(shù)形式，該句中or后是one of your students，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　15.Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________ visit Beijing this summer.

　　A.is going to B.are going to

　　C.was going to D.were going to

　　答案　A

　　解析　當(dāng)主語后出現(xiàn)together with/as well as等介詞短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與介詞短語前的主語保持一致，故可排除B、D兩項(xiàng);根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語this summer可知應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。

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