高三英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1　名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式的誤判

　　【典例】—What do you think the should do first?

　　—They should learn to take as well as share rights in life.

　　A. grown-up; responsibility　　 B. growns-up; responsibility

　　C. grown-ups; responsibilities D. growns-ups; responsibilities

　　錯(cuò)因分析：有些考生以為grown是復(fù)合名詞的中心詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)該在grown后面加-s;另一方面認(rèn)為responsibility是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，從而錯(cuò)選B.其實(shí)，grown-up沒有中心名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)該在up后面加-s;同時(shí)根據(jù)語境可知，responsibility指義務(wù)，該單詞作“義務(wù)，職責(zé)”講時(shí)，可作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，故正確答案選C.

　　復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般在中心名詞后面加-s，如：looker-on → lookers-on， son-in-law → sons-in-law;但是當(dāng)復(fù)合名詞沒有中心名詞時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是在最后的詞后面加-s，如：grown-up → grown-ups; go-between → go-betweens.

　　高三英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)2　名詞的格的誤用

　　【典例】—Look! This is .

　　—Very beautiful. When did she take it?

　　A. my mother‘s picture　　 B. my mother in the picture

　　C. a picture of my mother　　D. a picture of my mother‘s

　　錯(cuò)因分析：考生可能受漢語思維的影響，錯(cuò)選A或B;也可能受英語雙重所有格的影響，錯(cuò)選D.根據(jù)語境可知，正確答案選C.

　　my mother‘s picture，意為“我媽媽所擁有的照片”，暗含“照片上不一定是我媽媽”; a picture of my mother‘s意為“我媽媽所擁有的照片中的一張”，同樣，暗含“照片上不一定是我媽媽”; a picture of my mother意為“我媽媽的照片(照片中是媽媽)”;my mother in the picture意為“照片中我的媽媽”，暗含“不是真實(shí)的媽媽”。

　　高三英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)3　名詞作定語的誤用

　　【典例】—Where does your sister work， Jack?

　　—She works in a .

　　A. shop of cloth　　B. cloth‘s shop　　C. shop with clothes　　D. clothes shop

　　錯(cuò)因分析：有些考生會(huì)因?yàn)閷?duì)名詞作定語的用法運(yùn)用不當(dāng)而錯(cuò)選B.其實(shí)，clothes“服裝”只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，而單數(shù)形式“布店”應(yīng)用shop for cloth或cloth shop，因此，根據(jù)語境可知，正確答案選D.

　　名詞作定語時(shí)一般用其單數(shù)形式，然而，名詞parents， clothes， sports等，作定語時(shí)必須要使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外，man， woman作定語時(shí)，如果中心詞是單數(shù)，則用其單數(shù)形式;如果中心詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　高三英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)4　對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的應(yīng)用判斷失誤

　　【典例】—I find it very difficult to read novel you lent me last week.

　　—Yes. It‘s necessary to have good knowledge of history.

　　A. the;不填　　B. a;不填　　C. the; a　　D. a; a

　　錯(cuò)因分析：考生可能以為第一空是特指對(duì)方上周所借給“我”的小說，故應(yīng)填定冠詞;第二空后面是抽象名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，不填冠詞，于是錯(cuò)選A.然而，此處knowledge之前須用不定冠詞，have a good knowledge of意為“對(duì)……很了解”，是固定搭配，故正確答案選C.

　　英語中，有些抽象名詞，如knowledge， history， failure， success， help， pleasure， surprise， honour等表示抽象概念時(shí)，其前面不用不定冠詞，如：with pleasure， in surprise等。但是，當(dāng)表示具體的概念時(shí)，其前面須用不定冠詞，也可以用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　高三英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)5、非謂語

　　1.語法單句填空

　　1.Time, used(use) correctly, is money in the bank. (2012湖南)

　　2.Having spent(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(14福建)

　　3.Having been shown(show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.(08陜西)

　　4.Standing(stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. (2012陜西)

　　5. Tired(tire) and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.(09浙江)

　　6.The next thing he saw was smoke rising(rise) from behind the house. (2011全國I)

　　7. George returned after the war, only to be told(tell) that his wife had left him.(2012山東)

　　8.The lecture having been given(give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.(2014江蘇)

　　9.To free(free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. (2014湖南)

　　10.Absorbed(absorb) in the book she was reading, Mary didn’t notice me approaching.

　　11.Children, whenaccompanied(accompany)by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南)

　　12.Though surprised(surprise)to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010全國Ⅱ卷)

　　13.Though lacking(lack)money, his parents managed to send him to university.

　　14.While crossing(cross) the street, you can’t be too careful.

　　15.When completed( complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.

　　16. The witnesses questioned(question) by the police just now gave very different deions of the fight. (2013陜西)

　　17.His first book to be published(publish) next month is based on a true story. (2010陜西)

　　18.Volunteering gives you a chance to change (change)lives, including your own.(2013北京)

　　19.Prices of daily goods bought(buy) through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002全國春)

　　20.There is a note pinned to the door saying (say)when the shop will open again. (2014山東)

　　21.With the government’s aid, those affected(affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (2009上海)

　　22.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated(seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2009四川)

　　23. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had repaired(repair) went wrong again. (1999上海)

　　24.Tom was explaining to us and he was trying to make himself understood(understand).

　　25.With many brightly colored flowersplanted(plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.

　　26.Lost(lose) in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (05江蘇)

　　27.As the old saying goes, friendship is like money easier made than kept(keep).

　　28.When she was on his way back home, she had her wallet stolen(steal) yesterday.

　　29.Caught (catch) in the heavy rain, he was all wet.

　　30.Given(give) more time, we could do it much better.

　　31.Dressed(dress)in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

　　32.Lost(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

　　33.Driven(drive)by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.

　　34.Seen(see) from the top of hill, the town looks more beautiful.

　　35.When they got there, the girl was found beaten( beat) black and blue.

　　36.The club, founded(found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.

　　37.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe(breathe).

　　38.I am not accustomed tobeing treated( treat) like this.

　　39. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid (lay) for a meal to be cooked

　　41. Film has a much shorter history, especially when compared( compare) to such art forms as music and painting.

　　2.語法單句改錯(cuò)

　　1.It is difficult to understandingwhy she barks every minute she's outside.(2014年遼understand

　　2.He wantedteachme about animals, insects and trees.(2014 陜西)to teach

　　3.She used to holdingme on her knees and sing old songs.(2013新課標(biāo)全國)hold

　　4. She never seemedcare what the rest of us thought about her. to care

　　5.It was a lesson to us that it was possible givewithout expecting anything in return. give

　　6.A very much famous writer agreed to readingmy story and give me some advice. read

　　7.One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, hadour barbecue.(2014 陜西)having

　　8.Felthungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.(2013陜西)Feeling

　　9.Followthis explanation, there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings.(2011遼寧)Following

　　10.Third, we should find ways to reuse the water usingin washing.(2012大綱全國II)used

　　11.I also shared with my friends many photos takingin Beijing.(2012陜西)taken

　　12.The assistant was clearly as embarrassingas my sister. embarrassed

　　13.“I’m pleasingto hear it,” said his boss, but where were you yesterday?” pleased

　　14.After thinkfor some time, I let her copy my answers.(2013年四川)thinking

　　15.He isn’t good at talkbut he gets on well with other people. (2013新課標(biāo))talking

　　16.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o'clock at night. (2013年新課標(biāo)Ⅱ) Having

　　17.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teachme how to be a good person. (2012四川) teaching

　　18.I soon got used to livewithout my parents around.(2011重慶)living

　　19.The foreigner tried his best to make his pointbe understood.劃去be

　　20.They found a piece of rope with one end tyingin a circle.tied

　　21. Mark got his hands to burnt in the accident.劃去to

　　22. What kept you so exciting? excited

　　23.You should speak loudly enough to make yourself hear. heard

　　24.I noticed the traffic holdingup after a bad accident. held

　　25.She denied there beany misunderstanding between them.being

　　26. There were so many people in the street watchthe fire that firefighters couldn’t get close to the building .watching

　　27.Weatherpermits, we are going to visit you tomorrow. permitting

　　高三英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)6　對(duì)專有名詞的應(yīng)用判斷失誤

　　【典例】—Do you know Li Ming?

　　—Li Ming? Which one? I know Li Ming in our class very well. He is Lei Feng of our times.

　　A. 不填;不填　　B. a; a　　C. a; the　　 D. the; the

　　錯(cuò)因分析：有些考生可能以為兩個(gè)空后面的名詞都是人名，前面不用冠詞，于是錯(cuò)選A.然而，聯(lián)系語境可知，答話者至少認(rèn)識(shí)兩個(gè)李明，而特指他班上的那個(gè)李明時(shí)前面須用定冠詞;后一空的Lei Feng由of our times修飾，說明是我們時(shí)代的特征，須用定冠詞，故正確答案選D.

　　人名前面加定冠詞，指特定的某個(gè)人或某個(gè)人的主要特征。地名前面一般不用定冠詞，但是當(dāng)指特定某時(shí)期的地方或某地的主要特征時(shí)，須用定冠詞。如：China → the China (of) today; America → the America of last century; the New York of China等。表姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前面用定冠詞表示夫婦兩人或全家人，如：the Greens.