2016四級翻譯語法知識點

　　1、it is +adj\\n that + 虛擬

　　2、it is +done(表示建議、要求)that + 虛擬

　　二、賓語從句：

　　1、I suggest(表示命令;建議;請求) that „„ shoule +do„„ (在虛擬語氣中，shoule have done = ought to have done,其他時候should 不等于ought to) 2、I wish that „„(用虛擬語氣)

　　三、目的狀語：

　　Lest或者for fear that + (虛擬語氣)should do

　　四、 if從句： 即 主句„„, if 從句„„

　　1、倒裝代替if從句：Had\\Were\\Should „„，主句„„

　　2、but for = without(如果不是)代替if從句， 兩個都是介詞 But for \\without + 名詞 ，主句„„

　　3、with + 名詞 ，主句 „„

　　4、if only + (if 從句) 要是„„該多好

　　五、隱藏虛擬語氣：本打算做但結(jié)果沒有做的

　　1、had hoped\\intended\\planned\\expected\\wanted\\meant to do

　　2、hoped to have done

　　3、be(was\\were) + to have done 4、would\\should like to have done Would have done 表意愿、將來

　　Should have done 竟然做了、本應(yīng)該做的 Could have done 有能力做 Might have done 表示猜測

　　Need have done 本來需要做的卻沒有做

　　主從句時間不一致情況下的虛擬語氣

　　有時條件從句中的動作和結(jié)果與主句中的動作，發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。如：

　　1. 從句表示將來，主句表示過去：

　?、?、If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.

　　2. 從句表示過去，主句表示將來：

　?、?、If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.

　?、啤f we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。

　　3.從句表示將來，主句表示現(xiàn)在：

　?、?、If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.

　　4.從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在。

　?、拧f they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.

　?、啤f you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.

　　5.從句表示過去，主句表示過去和現(xiàn)在

　?、拧f you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.

　　在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。

　　(1) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不會知道。

　　(2) 、 would like to come. 我愿意來。

　　(3) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢也不會想到的。

　　(4) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他將那事講的非常仔細，簡直就象他親眼看見一樣。

　　6.從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去

　　⑴、If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會了。(從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。)