2016四級語法知識點(diǎn)(2)
with / of
accompanied with / by
4)就近原則:n1 or n2
+v(就近原則)
either n1 or n2
5)可數(shù)n1 and 可數(shù)n2+v(pl)
不可數(shù)n1 and 不可數(shù)n2+v(pl)
例外:war and peace is… war and peace是一個整體
但是如果主語表示的是同一個概念,同一人,同一事的時候,謂語動詞用單數(shù),這種結(jié)構(gòu)的特征是and連接的兩個詞只有一個冠詞。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.
The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.
The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.
類似的還有:law and order bread and
butter black and white
To love and to be loved is …
A lawyer and a teacher are…
A lawyer and teacher is …
6)隨后原則:not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(與B一致)
7)百分比結(jié)構(gòu):most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent
of+n1+v.(由n1決定)
8)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致:
a)There be +n 由名詞決定動詞
b)Among , between等介詞位于句首引起倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):
Among / Between …+系動詞+n. (由名詞決定動詞)
9)The+adj的主謂一致:
a)當(dāng)表示“一類人”,
b)當(dāng)表示某一抽象概念時
The good is always attractive.
10) To do/doing/主從+vs
*More than one+n
many a +n.
a day or two
二)、倒裝
1 全部倒裝
是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有:Up went the plane = the plane went up.
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。
2) 表示運(yùn)動方向的副詞(back, down, off, up)或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首,謂語表示運(yùn)動的動詞。
注意:1) 上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能倒裝。Here he comes. Away they went. 2) 謂語動詞是be的時候,不能倒裝。 Here it is. Here you are.
3) 形容詞短語/分詞短語位于句首,引起倒裝
*typical of characteristic of
*coinciding with + n
4) 表示地點(diǎn)范圍的介詞短語位于句首,謂語動詞為系動詞,一定引起倒裝
In…(表語)+系動詞+主,主同。
*在倒裝句型答案中不能出現(xiàn)there
*??冀樵~要倒裝:among between in at beneath
常考的系動詞:be lie exist remain rest
2 部分倒裝
1. 否定 adv 位于句首,引起倒裝:not only, not until, hardly, scarcely,
seldom, rarely, no sooner…than
1) not until + 時間 + 主謂倒裝,not until + 句子+主謂倒裝
2) only+狀語位于句首
only +ad. eg: recently
prep.短短語 eg: in recently years
從句 eg: when clause
only一個詞本身不倒裝
3) 在比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中,than后面可以倒裝,也可以不倒裝。
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,則需添加助動詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語之前。
Ø 1) Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定,產(chǎn)生倒裝,一般主動詞提前,謂語動詞的其他部分就
4) as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 (形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義動詞提前)。
as〔讓步〕雖然,盡管〔詞序倒裝。語氣比 though 強(qiáng)〕。
Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖成功,卻不驕傲。
Women as she is, she's every brave.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:A) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。B) 句首是實(shí)義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實(shí)義動詞一起放在主語之前。
5) 其他部分倒裝
a) so… that 句型中的so; such… that句型中的such位于句首時,需倒裝。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中:May you all be happy.
c) 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞,可將if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主語之前,采取部分倒裝。Were I you, I would try it again.
