B) 用that不用which的一些特殊情況轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　1) 先行詞為all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing等

　　Is there anything (that) I can do for you?

　　2) 先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾

　　This is the most exciting report that I have ever read.

　　3)The first step (that) we are to take is very difficult.

　　4) 先行詞同時(shí)含有―人‖和―非人‖時(shí)，用that 不用which，也不用who/whom

　　He talked about the people and the books that interested him.

　　C) 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why

　　用關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)，它的先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞，用where時(shí)先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，而用why時(shí)它的先行詞只可能是reason，使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1) 關(guān)系代詞的選擇主要是看先行詞在從句中所作的成分

　　This is the city where I was born.轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　This is the city (which/that) he has visited

　　I don‘t know the reason why she is late.

　　That is the reason (which/that) everybody knows

　　Do you still remember the day when he arrived?

　　Do you still remember the day (that/which) we spent together?

　　2) 關(guān)系副詞when,where, why可由―介詞+which‖的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替代 Is this the reason for which they came?

　　He left the day on which I came.

　　注意：how 不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

　　This is the way how he did it.

　　D) As 作關(guān)系代詞的用法

　　與the same, such連用轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　This is the same book as I read last week.

　　Such books as I have read are classical works.

　　定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)

　　The book ______ is yellow was given to me by Mr. Li.

　　2. Who was the grey-haired old woman ______ at yesterday‘s meeting?

　　A) we saw her C) we saw

　　B) we saw whom D) she was seen

　　3. He makes good use of the time ______ he can spare.

　　A) when C) that

　　B) in that D) in which

　　4. I don‘t know the room ______

　　A) where our headmaster lives in

　　B) our headmaster lives in

　　C) in that our headmaster lives

　　D) in which does our headmaster live

　　5. This is the least interesting book ______

　　A) which I have ever read C) what I have ever read

　　B) I have ever read D) which I have ever read

　　6. You must do everything _____ I have told you to.

　　A) which B) that C) when D) how

　　7. Has all _____ can be done _____?

　　A) what/done

　　C) that/been done B) that/be done

　　大家網(wǎng) 11 / 17 D) what/ already done

　　8. Oct. 1, 1949 is the day _____ even a small child can well remember.

　　A) when B) that C) what D) why

　　9. That was the room ______ they pretended to be working hard.

　　A) which B) in that C) in which D) that

　　10. This is the reason ______ I love to read the story.

　　A) Why

　　B) because C) when D) since

　　11. She had three sons, all ______ became doctors.

　　A) of which B) which C) of whom D) who

　　12. Have you bought the same dictionary ______ I referred to yesterday?

　　A) that B) which C) what D) as

　　13. The doctor ______ stepped in.

　　A) Della was waiting for him

　　B) whom Della was waiting

　　14. I want to buy such a dictionary _____ you bought last week.

　　A) that B) what C) like D) as

　　15. This is the TV station ______ we visited last year.

　　A) Where

　　B) that C) to which D) in which

　　16. Do you still remember the days ______ we spent together in Australia?

　　A) when B) during which C) which D) on which

　　17. Have you ever asked him the reason _____ may explain his absence?

　　A) why B) when C) that D) what

　　18. Mary is good at English and mathematics, ______ we all know very well in our school.

　　A) that B) what C) / D) as

　　19. Let‘s go and visit Mr. Brown, ______ you know visited us last year.

　　A) that B) who C) whom D) whose

　　20. She is pleased with ______ you have given her and ______ you have told her.

　　A) that/that B) what/that C) what/all what D) all/what

　　21. I, who ____ your friend, will try my best to help you.

　　A) be

　　B) am C) are D) is

　　22. I‘ll remember the days and nights ______ we were together in Australia.

　　A) when B) that C) at which D) at when

　　23. The world ______ is made up of matter.

　　A) in that we live

　　B) where we live in

　　C) on which we live D) we live in

　　24. This is the most difficult book ______.

　　A) what I have ever read C) which I have ever read

　　B) I have ever read it D) that I have ever read

　　25. There comes a time in every man‘s life ______.

　　A) then he has to think C) when he has to think

　　B) therefore he has to think

　　D) about which he has to think

　　26. He spoke confidently, _____ impressed me most.

　　A) so that B) that C) it

　　D) which

　　27. He took down a square green bottle, _____ he poured into a dish.

　　A) its content B) which content C) the content of which D) the content of that

　　28.

　　29. All _____ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.

　　A) what is needed B) for our needs C) the thing needed D) that is needed

　　30. The goals _____ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

　　A) after which B) for which C) with which D) at which

　　31. The time is not far away _____ modern communications will become widespread in China‘s vast

　　countryside.

　　A) when B) as C) until D) before

　　32. The residents, _____ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.

　　A) all whose homes

　　C) all of whose homes

　　B) all their homes D) all of their homes

　　33. Language is a city, to the building of _____ every human being brought a stone.

　　A) which B) that C) it D) this

　　34. You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _____ to suspend your tent.

　　A) there

　　occur.

　　A) what

　　B) which 大家網(wǎng) 13 / 17 35. The mere fact _____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not C) that D) why

　　36. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, _____ up to half will be from overseas.

　　A) of whom B) for whom C) with which D) in which

　　37. I‘ve never been to Beijing, but it‘s the place _____.

　　A) where I‘d like to visit

　　C) in which I‘d like to visit

　　B) I most want to visit D) that I want to visit it most

　　38. We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, _____ saves money, of course.

　　A) which B) as C) that D) what

　　39. Today the public is much concerned about the way _____.

　　A) nature is being ruined B) which nature is ruined

　　C) on which to ruin nature D) of nature to be ruined

　　常用連詞

　　等立連詞：and , so , not only ~ but also , neither ~ now , or , otherwise , either ~ or , but , yet , still , however , while ,whereas, for

　　主從連詞 that , whether , if

　　連接代詞 who , whom , whose , what , where , which

　　連接副詞 when , where , why , how

　　倒裝句轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　Never , Scarcely , hardly , rarely , little , nowhere , no sooner ~ than , not only , in no case , in no way , on no accoune , at no time , under no circumstances (這些詞或詞組放在句首作壯語(yǔ)時(shí))

　　There be 句型和大多數(shù)的疑問(wèn)句都是倒裝句

　　Here , there , then , thus 等副詞放在句首時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為come , be , exist , follow 等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子一般都為全部倒裝 Here is a book for you . Here comes the bus .

　　句首為 so , nor , neither 等副詞時(shí)、表明前句說(shuō)明的情況也適用于本句時(shí) ，句子為倒裝

　　Richard can speak Japanese . So can his sister

　　在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，非真實(shí)條件從句中的連詞省略時(shí)，句子為倒裝。這時(shí)，倒裝到主語(yǔ)前的助動(dòng)次 had ,should 和動(dòng)詞were 。 Had I left a little earlier , I would have missed the train

　　so / nor / neither + 系動(dòng)詞/ 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)

　　表示前句中謂語(yǔ)所說(shuō)明的情況也同樣適用于后句中的主語(yǔ)，用到裝。

　　He doesn‘t like music . Nor / Neither do I .

　　在Hardly ~~ when 和 No sooner ~~ than 以及 Not until 的句型中，由于否定詞或否定詞組放在句首，主句部分中的主、謂要到裝———助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形

　　No sooner had he got well than he left the hospital .

　　直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　John said , ― I ‗m going to London with my father .‖

　　John said that he was going to London with his father .

　　一般疑問(wèn)句變成以if (whether ) 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

　　He said , ―Have you all understood this passage ?‖

　　He asked the class if they had all understood that passage 。

　　祈使句變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式， 作等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。表示命令時(shí)常用 tell , order 等;表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)常用 The manager said to the clerk , ―Be polite to all the clients .‖

　　The manager told the clerk to be polite to all the clients .

　　如主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語(yǔ)的原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) He says , ― I am very busy reading the book .‖

　　He says that he is very busy reading the book .

　　如主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)發(fā)生如下變化：

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)———一般過(guò)去時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)———過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　一般將來(lái)時(shí)———過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)———過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)———過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變

　　直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，代詞一般相應(yīng)變化如下：

　　this -- that last week – the week before

　　therse – those three days ago – three days before

　　now – then tomorrow – the next day

　　today – that day next week – the (next ) following week

　　this week – that week here -- there

　　yesterday – the day before come – go

　　介詞

　　at 表示確切的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或較短暫的一段時(shí)間 at two o‘clock

　　in 表示一天中的各部分時(shí)間或較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間 in the morning , in spring , in 1967

　　on表示具體的某一天或某一天的上午或下午 on Sunday , on Monday afternoon

　　at one time 過(guò)去有段時(shí)間、從前

　　at the same time 同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　on time 按時(shí)

　　below 表示低于 ， 溫度低于多少度

　　above 表示高于 ， 溫度高于多少度

　　幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞的時(shí)候，排列順序如下：

　　好壞、美丑等 + 大小、新舊、顏色 + 質(zhì)地、屬性 + 名詞

　　和前綴a- 組成的形容詞只能做表語(yǔ)而不能做定語(yǔ)， afraid , alive , alike ,alone , ashamed , asleep , awake etc.

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　forget to do something 忘了而沒(méi)有做某事

　　forget doing something 忘了已做過(guò)某事

　　remember doing something 記得已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情

　　stop to do something 停下正做的事情去做別的事情

　　stop doing something 停下手中正在做的事

　　go on to do something 接下來(lái)做另一件事情

　　go on doing something 繼續(xù)做一直在做的事情

　　動(dòng)詞need , want , require 和形容詞 worth 后，可接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)的意義 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式與及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞都表示被動(dòng)：

　　前者表示被修飾的名詞正在承受的行為 The problem being discussed is important 后者表示承受過(guò)了的行為 The problem discussed yesterday was important .

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　must + have + 過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的某事做出肯定性的判斷;

　　Need not + have +過(guò)去分詞 表示過(guò)去做了本沒(méi)有必要做的事情

　　主謂一致 (語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致、就近)

　　謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：

　　不定式、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí);

　　事件、國(guó)名、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱、作品名稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí);

　　one , every , everyone , everybody , each , one of , many a , either , neither , no one , nobody , anybody ,some body 做主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí);

　　表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、體積、數(shù)字等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)表示總量時(shí);

　　a person of , a series of , a kind of 等表示一個(gè)、一種、一系列等詞組用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí); 集體名次作主語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)。

　　謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　both , few , many , several 等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí);(some 不一定)

　　形容詞前加定冠詞用于泛指一類時(shí); 大家網(wǎng) 17 / 17

　　cattle , people , police , clothes 等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí); 由and 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí);

　　a number of 修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)。