2016湖北省高考英語完成句子
湖北高考英語完成句子題型重點測試學生準確使用英語語法、詞匯,進行書面表達的能力。但在每年高考中,該題失分嚴重。在平時的訓練中應該重點訓練學生時態(tài)一致、語態(tài)一致、主謂一致和句子結構一致的意識和能力?;诖?,以下是學習啦小編為大家精心準備的:2016湖北省高考英語的完成句子。歡迎閱讀與參考!
2016湖北省高考英語完成句子如下:
一、命題特點
“完成句子”是新穎的高考題型,考察的是對語法結構的掌握,在湖北省高考英語卷中已有五年歷史??v觀五年的考題,不難發(fā)現以下特點:
1、語法覆蓋面廣、粗略統(tǒng)計已涉及了20 多種語法現象及固定句型,如there be句型、it occurred to sb. that等;
2、重點語法反復呈現,如:10年71題和2011年71題考點為倒裝、10年 72題與11年74題考點為分詞短語作狀語、非謂語動詞歷年都有2-3題、定語從句、倒裝、虛擬、形容詞比較級、情態(tài)動詞加現在完成時等連續(xù)幾年都有涉及到;
3、一道題目中不只考察一種語法,多種語法現象交織在一起;
4、語境控制、答案精確客觀、字數限制在五個單詞以內;
5、緊密聯系教材,許多題目在教材上能找到對應的雛形,如winning the scholarship、might have had a hand in等;
6、對句子成分的分析是做好題目的關鍵,如2011第80題, _____ (比較這兩把牙刷) and you’ll find the purple one is softer. (compare),特別是分隔現象的使用;
7、常見詞匯的寫法如:(scholarship,toothbrush)及不規(guī)則動詞的寫法必須掌握。
二、癥結診斷
筆者通過對平時學生訓練的觀察和高考完成句子試題分析,發(fā)現考生失分的主要原因在于以下幾個方面:
1、句子結構知識掌握不牢,容易受英漢表達思維差異的影響。如, 寫作中通常出現類似這樣的句子:There were a lot of students took part in the tree planting activity. We are very glad that our teacher is going to teach us swim.
2、 慣用句型識別不清,如:It cost me.很多考生審題不能將漢語提示和英語部分結合考慮, 也沒有考慮到cost的主語不能是人,其過去時和過去分詞均為cost, 所以才出現I cost, I costed等錯誤。慣用句型是完成句子的熱點之一,考生學習中要注意分析和掌握常用句型。
3、復合賓語結構混淆,特別是使役動詞have、make, let, leave等; 此外還有感官動詞see, watch, notice…+ sb / sth + do /doing的用法和區(qū)別都是高考完成句子的重中之重。
4、語態(tài)表達差異牽制,題目中有意識的不提“被”字, 考生要注意判斷。有時漢語不提“被”字,不等于英語不使用被動;相反漢語習慣用被動時,英語卻習慣不用被動。
5、語序表達習慣沖突,語序習慣不同是歷來高考的焦點之一??忌绕湟⒁庥⒄Z中與漢語思維相沖突的表達方式。
6、語氣表達形式影響,英語中(虛擬)語氣形式與漢語不一樣,是通過動詞的不同形式表示的。如情態(tài)動詞表示過去的推測,虛擬條件句的動詞形式,表示建議、命令、要求等的動詞后面的動詞形式都是有差別的。
7、比較對象偷換缺失,有時漢語省略的東西,英語卻不能;而英語省略的東西,漢語往往不省略,考生需要提防此類錯誤。
通過對歷年高考完成句子試題分析以及對考生失分的主要原因的診斷,筆者將完成句子中所涉及的重點、難點、熱點語法現象歸納如下:
三、考點歸納
I.動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) (NMET2011湖北卷77題)
1.動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)往往與其它語法融合在一起
The news _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (房價將要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower price.(fall)
This is the only one of the regions _____ _____ _____ (遭受攻擊)by the earthquake last year.(attack)
2. Already、just、yet、never、lately、recently、in/during/over+ the last/past+時間、since 、up to now、so far、for+一段時間、in recent years等表示現在完成時的時間狀語;by+過去時間、by the time+過去時間、before+過去時間、by the end of +過去時間等表示過去完成時的時間狀語;by+將來時間表示將來完成時的句子。
We Chinese do take pride in _____ _____ _____ _____ (我們取得的成就)in the last ten years.(achieve)
Mother wanted to be a good provider ,a role _____ _____ _____ _____ (她一直肩負著)since her marriage to father.(shoulder)
By the time the police conclude the investigation, the truth of the murder _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (會水落石出)(light)
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____(有巨大的增長)in the number of tele-workers in recent years and by 2100 it will have risen to 85%.(growth)
3.經??疾楝F在進行時的被動語態(tài) 現在進行時表示一種贊揚或評的感情色彩,現在進行時表示將來時用于一些位移發(fā)生改變的詞語;經??疾檫^去進行時以及被動語態(tài);將來進行時表示在將來的某個時刻正要發(fā)生的動作,如at this time tomorrow、this time next week。
---Has Li Lei finished his work?
---I have no idea, but he _____ _____ _____ _____ (做實驗)when I saw him this morning.(conduct)
This time tomorrow,we_____ _____ _____ _____ (在聽)a lecture by a visiting professor from aboard.(listen)
4.For+一段時間若表示的在過去發(fā)生的動作,和現在沒有聯系時只能用過去時。
----You speak good French!
----Thanks. I_____________(學過法語)in Sichuan University for four years.(study)
5. 時間、條件狀語從句中通常用現在時表示將來時;祈使句加and、or再加來時的句子。
If the building project to be completed by the end of this month _____ _____ (推遲),the construction company will be fined.(delay)
_____ _____ _____ (產生問題)if you don’t know enough about the mountain you are climbing.(arise)
6.主動形式表示被動意義
系動詞look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、appear、go、prove、turn(顏色、數字、零冠詞的名詞)+形容詞或者名詞;表示主語的某種屬性的詞:read、write、act、cut、draw、drive、sell、wash、clean、wear/open、cook、lock、shut等。The door won’t lock. This coat dries easily. The plan worked out wonderfully. The engine won’t start. The pen writes smoothly.
A product_____ _____ _____ (會更暢銷)if promoted with a slogan.
II.非謂語動詞(NMET2011湖北卷72、73、74題)
1.過去分詞做狀語是一般位于句首,而且該動詞和句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系;某些過去分詞已經被形容詞化了,往往用于系表結構中,既不表示被動也不表示完成只表示一種狀態(tài)。如:lost 、seated、 absorbed、dressed in、tired of(厭倦)、hidden(躲)等,不管做什么成分都不用ing形式。
_____ _____ _____ _____ (專心讀書),he didn’t notice me enter the room.(absorb)
2.現在分詞作狀語時,該動詞和句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系。Doing表示一般性動作或者正在進行的動作;having done則表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的動作,通常有表示完成的時間狀語,Not必須放在V-ing之前。
Dina, _____ _____ (奔波)for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(struggle)
When _____ _____ _____ (比較不同的文化),we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(compare)
_____ _____ _____ _____ (沒有完全康復)from the operation,the patient was advised to stay in hospital for other two weeks.(recover)
3.Ving 作主語相當于一個名詞,有被動being done和否定not doing/not being done的形式。Ving作賓語常放在admit、appreciate、avoid、can’t help、delay、escape、imagine、suggest、be devoted to、be accustomed/used to、look forward to、object to、lead to、insist on、make a contribution to、get down to、can’t stand、have difficulty (in)、have a good time(in) 等,若表示被動就用being done的形式。動詞need、want、require表示需要時后面加Ving的主動形式表示被動意義,be worth 也是如此。
_____ _____ _____ (解雇)by one company doesn’t necessarily mean that you have no way to support yourself.(lay)
_____ _____ _____ (暴露于)sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.(expose)
Can you imagine what difficulty people had this year ______________(抵抗)several natural disasters?(resist)
4.過去分詞作賓補時,句中的賓語和動詞之間存在動賓關系;現在分詞做賓補時,動詞和賓語之間存在主謂關系;不定式做賓補表示將來。
With many books _____ _____ (出版),he became more and more famous.(come)
With _____ _____ _____ _____ (如此多的工作充斥著)my mind,I am stressed out.(fill)
Lucy was much annoyed to find the computer _____ _____ _____ _____ (她讓人修理了)several times broke down again when she returned to her office and got down to her work.(repair)
Keeping the mind _____ _____ _____ (充滿著任務) - no matter how meaningless - staves off(避開)negative emotions, the study found.(occupy)
5.當我們確定是非謂語作定語時,必須判斷動詞和所修飾的名詞的關系(若是動賓關系,過去分詞表被動或者完成,being done表示正在被做,to be done表示將要被做)。
I’m not sure if I can attend the wedding ceremony _____ _____ _____ (舉行)at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.(hold)
There were many talented actors out there just _____ _____ _____ _____ (等待被發(fā)現)(discover)
Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one _____ _____ _____ _____ (首先要修的)is the library.(repair)
Play ,often _____ _____ _____ _____ (視為一種活動)for younger children,is still important in the social development of teenagers.(see)
I’m afraid we’ll have to work extra hours,for there are still some problems _____ _____ _____ _____ (剩下要解決)(remain)
Teleworking means people save time previously _____ _____ _____ _____(花在旅行上班)and allows them to be more flexible in working hours.(spend)
6.have sth done=get sth done表示讓某事由被人去做
have sth done還可以表示主語遭受了某種情況
have sb/sth doing表示讓某人、某物持續(xù)地做某事
get sb/sth doing表示使某人、物開始行動起來
have sb do =get sb to do表示讓某人去做某事
have sth to do 主語有事需要自己做
have sth to be done 主語有事需要別人來完成
III.名詞性從句——主語、賓語、表語、同位語從句 (NMET2011湖北卷76題)
1.that和what的區(qū)別:當從句意義完整,不缺任何成分時,往往選that;而what意為“……的(東西)”在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。
News came from the school office _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (他已被錄取)Beijing university.(admit)
She is very dear to us .We have been prepared to do _____ _____ _____ (不惜一切代價)to save her life.(take)
_____ _____ _____ (他說了)something improper at the meeting surprised all of us.(say)
2.if只能引導賓語從句whether和可以引導主語、表語、同位語從句。
The patient’s son asked the doctor the question _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (他的父親是否會幸免)the big operation.(survive)
3.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
After the Philippines hostage-taking incident ,the Chinese government demanded that the problems referred to _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (特別注意)(pay)
The order came that the medical supplies _____ _____ _____ _____ (送往)Yunnan for the victims there.(send)
4.It doesn’t matter to sb +how/whether……或者 It makes no difference to sb +how/whether……結構中的主語從句不能提到句首。
5.名詞性從句的分隔現象
Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _____ _____ _____ _____ (他不得不)meet his uncle at the airport.(have)
IV.情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣(NMET2011湖北卷75題)
1.區(qū)別不同的情態(tài)動詞的意思特別是will、would“會”、must“一定”can’t、couldn’t “不可能”should“竟然、按道理來說應該如此”
Mike _____ _____ _____ (肯定不在打掃)the classroom now. I saw him playing basketball on the playground a moment ago.(clean)
I can’t imagine _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (竟然短缺)of water in Yunlan ,the southwest of China where there used to be adequate rain.(shortage)
This kind of kite made of silk _____ _____ _____ (不容易撕破), so don’t worry about it.(tear)
2.對過去的動作進行推測用情態(tài)動詞+have done 的形式; 對過去正在進行的動作進行推測用情態(tài)動詞+have been doing的形式;對現在正在進行的動作推測用情態(tài)動詞+be doing的形式。
3.含must 的反意疑問句,當must表示推測時不能用must引導反意疑問句。對現在的動作進行推測則用表示現在時的助動詞來引導;當句中有must have done 的形式且后面又有表示過去的時間狀語,此時用表示過去時的助動詞來引導;當句中有must have done 的形式且后面沒有表示過去的時間狀語,此時用have、has 來引導。
You must have watched that football match last night, _____ _____?(不是嗎)(you)
He can speak Spanish very fluently .He must have learned the language before, _____ _____ (不是嗎)?(he)
4.名詞性從句中含有“堅持、命令、建議、要求”時insist、order、command、advise、propose、demand、desire、request、require、urge、recommend以及這些詞的名詞形式,用should也可省表示虛擬語氣。
Representatives attending Copenhagen Conference recommended that _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (采取嚴厲措施)to reduce carbon emission.(take)
5.If引導的從句中含有should、had、were可以省略if將should、had、were提到句首
It’s a pity that he failed the exam. If he _____ _____ _____ _____ (更加注意)his handwriting,he would have done better.(concentrate)
If _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (不采取有效措施),we would have lost all our tropical forests by 2100.(take)
6.would rather+從句用虛擬語氣 當表示于現在或者將來事實相反時用過去時 若表示與過去事實相反的則用過去完成時
Do you feel like dining out for a change or would you rather we two _____ _____ (吃晚飯)at home?(have)
7.含蓄條件句 without, with, but for, otherwise等。
---Why didn’t you tell him the possible danger ?
---But _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (我能做什么)otherwise?He never listens to me.(do)
Last Friday’s charity pop concert was a great success as a whole .Actually we _____ _____ _____ _____ (會滿意)with half of the money collected.(satisfied)
It was vital to choose exactly the right place to cut or the diamond _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (本來可能成為碎片)(break into)
8.主從句時態(tài)不一致
——The weather has been very hot and dry.
——Yes. If it had rained even a drop ,things _____ _____ _____ (就會更好)now!My vegetables wouldn’t have died.(be)
V.定語從句
1.介詞+關系代詞的賓語只能是which或whom;復合介詞+which引導時,往往用逗號隔開,用倒裝語序;of +which/whom表示“其中”前面還可以加some、many、most、half、80%、等;the+名詞+of +which/whom=whose+名詞。
In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to _____ _____ _____ _____ (她能求助) for help.(turn)
Look out! Don’t get close to the house , _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (其屋頂正在修理)(repair)
His younger brother teaches in a secondary school , in front of _____ _____ _____ _____ _____(流淌著一條小河).(flow)
A lot of problems came up at the meeting last night, _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (我們還未發(fā)現) the solution.(find)
There are 51 students in class Three, _____ _____ _____ _____ (沒有誰失敗)in the exam.(fail)
2.關系詞的選擇主要根據先行詞在從句中所作的成分。當表示時間地點原因的先行詞在從句中不作狀語時,關系詞不能用when、where、why,只能用that、which。特殊的先行詞case、point、situation、circumstances、scene、activity、position關系詞用where;stage、occasion用when。
She is the only one of the girls in our class _____ _____ _____ (通過了)the interview.(pass)
My mother was so proud of all _____ _____ _____ (我所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do)
Occasions are quite rare _____ _____ _____ _____ (我有時間) to spend a day with my kids.(time)
Mr Green stood up in the defense of 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _____ _____ _____ _____ (該責備)(blame)
3.關系詞as引導的定語從句常用在句首用逗號隔開;也用在such+名詞+as…..和the same +名詞+as……的句型中作主語、賓語、表語。
As a teacher ,I never give my students so difficult a problem _____ _____ _____ _____ (他們不會做的).(do)
As _____ _____ _____ _____ (我談過的)many times on the subjects,at some point you need a reliable partner to do this job.(talk)
It’s likely that such a question, if it can be called a question, _____ _____ _____(你提的), can’t be answered by any human beings.(raise)
VI.倒裝(NMET2011湖北卷71題)
1.表語位于句首其倒裝結構為“表語+連系動詞+主語”
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (出席會議的)some scientists from China.(present)
2.否定詞位于句首never、not、hardly、little、seldom、rarely、at no time、in no case、by no means、on no condition等。
The customers were so angry that they demanded that in no case _____ _____ _____ (公司推遲)the goods ordered three months ago.(delay)
---why can’t we smoke here?
---At no time _____ _____ _____ (允許吸煙)in the meeting room.(permit)
Don’t be rude to your father .Never in his life _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (對他說話)in that way up to now.(speak)
Little _____ _____ _____ _____ (媽媽禁止我)to do whatever I like except when I play computer games long.(forbid)
3.so、as、neither、nor用于句首表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或者事物,句型為:as、so、neither、nor+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞
——Peter looks sleepy.
——_____ _____ _____ (你也會的)if you had a fever.(so)
Since my return to China,I haven’t seen my host mother in America,nor _____ _____ _____ _____ _____(未收到她來信)(hear)
4.so……that……和such……that……句型中,如果so或such引導的部分位于句首時,主句中的主語和謂語要部分倒裝。
So difficult _____ _____ _____ _____ (我發(fā)現)to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.(find)
5.表示地點的介詞短語位于句首時句子完全倒裝。
On the table _____ _____ _____ _____ (有一只舊信封),which contains many photos.(lie)
