初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):數(shù)詞
1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先說“幾十”,再說“幾”,中間加連字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“,”,第一個(gè)“,”前為thousand.第二個(gè)“,”前為 million,第三個(gè)“,”前為billion(美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一節(jié)一節(jié)地表示。
1,001→one thousand and one
9,785→nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty, billion(美式) seven hundred and fifty thousand million(英式)
2.基數(shù)詞的用法
(1)作主語
eg.Four of them come from Paris.
(2)作賓語
eg.一 How many books would you like?
一I would like two.
(3)作表語
eg.Seven minus two is five.
(4)作定語
eg.There are three people in my family·
(5)作同位語
eg. You two will go swimming with us.
(6)表具體數(shù)字時(shí),hundred,thousand,million用單數(shù)。
eg. There are six hundred students in our grade.
(7)表不確定的數(shù)字時(shí),數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。若帶名詞,再加of hundreds of(數(shù)百,成百上千的),thousands of(數(shù)干,成千上萬的),millions of(數(shù)百萬)
eg,They arrived in two sand threes.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋砹恕?/p>
(8)表示“…十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)可以表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。
eg. He is in his early thirties.他有三十來歲(31—34歲):
This took place in the 1930s.這事發(fā)生在二十世紀(jì)三十年代;
(9)表示時(shí)刻
eg.I watch CCTV News at seven o’clock every evening.
(二)序數(shù)詞 在英語中表示順序、次序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。
1,序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不規(guī)則變化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve--~twelfih
(3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
2.序數(shù)詞的用法
(1)序數(shù)詞作定語時(shí),一般要與定冠詞或物主代詞連用。
eg.Tom is their second son.
He is the first one to come here.
(2)序數(shù)詞有時(shí)可與不定冠詞連用,表示數(shù)量上"又—",“再一”
eg: He tried a second time.他又試了—次.
Shall l ask him a third time?還要我再問他—次嗎?我已問了他兩次)
(3)序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式為:阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加上這個(gè)詞的末尾兩個(gè)字母。
1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd
(4表示年、月、日時(shí),年用基數(shù)詞,日用序數(shù)詞。
2005年8月15日:(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005;(美)8,15,2005=August 15th,2005
(三)基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞都可以用來給數(shù)字編號(hào)。
No.1(1號(hào)),No.3bus(3路公共汽車),Room 103,(103號(hào)旁間)
The first lesson=Lesson Two(第二課)
(四)分?jǐn)?shù)詞的表達(dá)
分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于1時(shí),分母加s
eg.1/3-one third;2/5-two fifths
(五)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算的表達(dá)
eg.3+5=8 Three plus/and five is eight.
9-2=7 Nine minus two is seven.
6x5=30 Five times six is thirty /six unutilized five is thirty.
8÷2=4 Eight divided by two is four.
七、介詞
(一)表示時(shí)間的介詞
(1)at
?、俳泳唧w時(shí)間:eg.at six,at half past two,at ten to twelve
②表示“在…時(shí)刻”;eg: at noon,at midnight
(2)in
?、俦硎?ldquo;在(某段時(shí)間段)之間”;
eg.in January,in a month,in spring,in 2005
②在將來時(shí)中,表示“在某段時(shí)間之后”
eg.In ten years,I think I'll be a reporter.
(3)on
表示在具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等。
eg. On Monday,On Tuesday afternoon,On May 4th,On the morning of July 6th
(三)固定搭配的介詞
(1)動(dòng)詞+介詞:look after,look at,look for,laugh at sb.,listen to,hear from sb.,turn on,turn off, wait for,worry about,think of,spend on sth.
(2)介詞十名詞:by train,on foot,at the end of ,at last,in the end,in trouble,at table,at breakfast,
in hospital,in time,On time, On one’s way to,with pleasure
(3)be+形容詞+介詞:be afraid of ,be good at,be good/bad for, be late for,be interested in,be angry with,be full of,be sorry for
八、連詞(conj.用來連接詞與詞或句與句
(1)并列連詞(用來連接平行的詞、詞組或分句)
?、俦聿⒘嘘P(guān)系:not only…but also,neither…nor,and
?、诒磉x擇關(guān)系:or,either…or
?、郾磙D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:but,while
④表因果關(guān)系:for,so
(2)從屬連詞(用來引導(dǎo)從句)
?、僖龑?dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句: after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon as
②引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句:because,as,since
?、垡龑?dǎo)目的狀語從句:so that,in order that
?、芤龑?dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句:so that,so…that,such…that
?、菀龑?dǎo)比較狀語從句:than,as…as
?、抟龑?dǎo)賓語從句:that,if, whether
初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):動(dòng)詞
動(dòng)詞表示主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
(一)動(dòng)詞的種類。
(1)及物動(dòng)詞vt,其后接賓語。
eg.She wears a uniform.
(2)不及物動(dòng)詞vi,不接賓語。
eg :She can dance.
(3)連系動(dòng)詞like, look, sound, feel, taste,接表語。
eg.They are nurses.
That sounds interesting.
His mother looks young.
If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.
(4)助動(dòng)詞aux--V.接動(dòng)詞原形或分詞(它無實(shí)在意思,只起語法作用)。
eg, Do you like pandas?
He has gone to Australia.
She is looking at the cat.
(5)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞mod-v.接動(dòng)詞原形(它不能單獨(dú)作謂語,有自己的意思,無人稱和數(shù)的變化)。
Eg. He must go now.
You should clean the classroom after class.
(6)有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞,也可作助動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞,be也可作助動(dòng)詞。
eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.)
Do as you like.(Vi.)
She is a little bit quiet.(mod-v.)
She is swimming now.(aux-v.)
二)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法
(一)can,could,may的用法
l .can/could
(1)表示具有某種能力,意為“能,能夠,會(huì)”(could表過去)。
eg.I can sing English songs.
Lisa can’t speak Japanese.
She could swim when she was four years old.
(2)表示許可、允許,意為“可以”。
eg.Can we watch TV now?
You can’t play computer games in the morning.
(3)表示請(qǐng)求某人做某事,意為“能,能夠”(用could使晤氣更委婉)。
eg.Can/Could you help me,please?
(4)表示推測(cè)“可能”,多用于否定句和疑問句中。(表肯定推測(cè)可用must,might,could等)
eg.it can’t be true.這不可能是真的。
Where can he have gone?他可能會(huì)去哪兒呢?
2.may/might
(1)表示許可、允許,意為“可以”,比can更正式。
eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的鋼筆嗎?
May l ask you a question?我可以問你—個(gè)問題嗎?
(2)表示推測(cè)“可能”,用于肯定句和否定句,不能用于疑問句。
eg.He may be at home now.他可能現(xiàn)在在家。
She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那兒。
(二)can與be able to的區(qū)別
1.兩者都可以用來表示能力。
eg.I can/am able to mend the bike.
2.can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)(Can)和過去時(shí)(could),而be able to可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。
eg. I will be able to come back in another few months.
He hasn’t been able to get there before dark.
3.can可以表示推測(cè),但be able to不能。
eg.That can't be Gina's dictionary.
4.can與be able to;不能重復(fù)使用
eg.他能做好這件事。
He can be able to do is well.(X)
He can do it well.(√)
He is able to do it well.(√)
(三)must與have to的區(qū)別
1.主客觀方面不同。
must表“義務(wù)”或“強(qiáng)制”,表示主觀的必要;在肯定句中must還可表推測(cè),語氣要比may肯定多。have to表“必須”或“不得不”,表示客觀的必要。
eg.We must clean the room.(表示我們認(rèn)為房間太臟了。)
We have to clean the room.(表示沒有人替我們打掃房間等客觀原因。)
He must beat home before supper。(他晚飯前一定在家。)
2.人稱和時(shí)態(tài)不同。
must無人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,一律用must十動(dòng)詞原形。have to后接動(dòng)詞原形,有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)要用has to,過去時(shí)中要用had to,將來時(shí)中要用will have to。另外,have to還可與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞連用。
eg: Tom must practice his guitar every day.
The train has left.We'll have to wait for the next train.
3.否定式及意義不同。
must not=mustn't“決不可/千萬不可/務(wù)必不要”;don’t/doesn’t/didn’t/won’t+ have to“不必”
eg.We mustn’t tell jokes on him.我們千萬不可與他開玩笑。
We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我們不必和他開玩笑。
在對(duì)May I…? 作否定回答時(shí)用No, you mustn’t/can’t.
eg. May l go to the movies? NO,You mustn't
5.疑問式及回答不同。
Must+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+…? Yes,主語+ must./No,主語+needn’t.
助動(dòng)詞+主語+have to+動(dòng)詞原形+…?
Yes,主語+助動(dòng)詞./No,主語+助動(dòng)詞+not.
eg.Must l go now? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t
Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes,she does./NO,she doesn’t.
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