高中英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)(一)

　　(1) so + be / 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 (意為“主語也 ……” )

　　(2) neither / nor + be / 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語(意為“主語也不……” )

　　(3) so it is / was with sb / sth和so it is / was the same with sb / sth (意為“主語也……” ) (用在前文有兩個或以上的從句，而且分句有不同的謂語或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系動詞義有行為動詞的情況)

　　(4) so + 主語 + be / 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 (意為“主講確實(shí)如此”)，表示進(jìn)一步肯定。

　　(5) 主語 + did + so (意為“主語按照吩咐做了”)。

　　【考例】 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____. (2005全國 III)

　　A. so does John B. John does too

　　C. John doesn't too D. nor does John

　　[考查目標(biāo)] nor表示“也不”引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　[答案與解析] D 由never可以判斷該句為否定句?？崭裉幘湟鉃?ldquo;約翰也沒讀書”。nor, so, neither可引起倒裝句。

　　2. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. 查克是個生意人，他總是那么忙，幾乎沒有時間和朋友在一起。

　　該句中so...that... 和such...that... 都能連接結(jié)果狀講從句，但要注意詞序不同。例如：Joan is such a lonely girl that all of us like her. = She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.

　　常見句型：

　　(1) such + a / an + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that clause

　　(2) such + 形容詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that clause

　　(3) such + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that clause

　　(4) so + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that clause

　　(5) so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that clause

　　(6) so + many / few + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that clause

　　(7) so + much / little + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that clause

　　注意：① 當(dāng)little不表示數(shù)量“少”而表示“小”的意思時，仍然 要用such。② 當(dāng)so + adj. / adv. 或 such + n. 位于句首時，主句需要倒裝。

　　【考例】 So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (2001上海)

　　A. I have felt B. have I felt

　　C. I did feel D. did I feel

　　[考查目標(biāo)] so + adj. 位于句首時，主句倒裝。

　　[答案與解析] D A、C語序不對，排除。B時態(tài)不對。

　　3. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天，查克在飛越太平洋時.他的飛機(jī)突然墜毀了。

　　該句中的“when”表示“正在這時”，相當(dāng)于and just或and at that time. 這時不能用while / as 替換。

　　常見句型：(1) be about to do sth when... (2) be doing sth when... (3) be on the point of doing sth when...

　　【考例】We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started. (2004北京春招)

　　A. when B. while C. until D. before

　　[考查目標(biāo)] "when" 作連詞，表示“正在這時”。

　　[答案與解析] A 意為“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴風(fēng)雨來了。”只有when才能用于這種句型。

　　4. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 他不得不學(xué)會收集淡水.尋找食物，生火什么的。

　　該句中的“how I to collect...”為動詞不定式短語作賓語。例如：We must decide which one to buy. 疑問詞which, what, how, when, where等與小定式構(gòu)成不定式短語。

　　【考例】 I've worked with children before, so I knew what ____ in my new job. (NMET 2000)

　　A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects

　　[考查目標(biāo)] what to do sth 不定式短語作賓語。

　　[答案與解析] B 該句需要填非謂語動詞。排除A、D。句意為“以前我與孩子在一塊兒工作過。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示進(jìn)行，排除C。

　　5. In order to survive, Chuck developed a friendship with an unusual friend — a volleyball he called Wilson. 為了生存下去，查克和一位不尋常的朋友--“排球”建立了友誼，查克叫他威爾森。

　　1. 該句中的"in order to"，意思為“為了，以便”，作目的 狀語。在句子中作同的狀語的常見句型有五種結(jié)構(gòu)：to do sth / in order to do sth / so as to do sth / in order that clause / so that clause

　　注意：(1) so as to do sth 不能位于句首。(2) 如果主句與從句的主語一致時，四個結(jié)構(gòu)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。(3) 在in order that / so that 引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語動詞常與can, could, may, might 等情態(tài)動詞連用。

　　【考例】(2005北京) I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea.

　　A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that

　　[考查目標(biāo)] 目的狀語。

　　[答案與解析]D as soon as “一…就…”;as a result“結(jié)果是”;in case “萬一”;so that“以便，為的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分鐘到以便有時間喝杯茶”。

　　2. 該句子中 volleyball 是作同位語。例如：He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones that had the best color.

　　注意：這種同位語(不是同位語從句)與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別。

　　【考例】(NMET 2002) Meeting my uncle after these years was an unforgotten moment, ____ I will always treasure.

　　A. that B. one C. it D. what

　　[考查目標(biāo)] one作同位語，指代a moment。

　　[答案與解析] B that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，排除A;if不能作同位語，排除C;what既不能引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句，也不能作同位語。可以填which，這樣就成了非限制性定語從句。

　　6. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. 長期以來，美國英語保持不變，但英國英語變化了。

　　1. 該句中的“while"用作并列連詞.表示前后對比，意為 “然而”。“while"充當(dāng)連詞，還能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。意為“during the time that…”;引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意 為“although…”。

　　2. 該句中的 "stay" 為系動詞。后接表語 (the same)。 除了stay外，常見的系動詞還有: become, get, turn, grow, go, come, run, fall, keep, stay, remain。

　　【考例】(NMET 2003) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days.

　　A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed

　　[考查目標(biāo)] 系動詞的用法。

　　[答案與解析] B 系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，一般不用進(jìn)行

　　時態(tài)，排除A、C;句意不是表示完成，排除D。系動詞表示狀態(tài)。

　　7. for the first time 第一次

　　(1) for the first time 第一次，后面不加從句，在句中作狀語 They came to Beijing for the first time.

　　(2) the first time 名詞短語，在從句中充當(dāng)連詞，后接時間狀語從句，不接that，when等連詞。有同樣用法的短語還有：every time; next time; the last time

　　They liked Beijing the first time they went there.

　　(3) It's / This is the first time that + 從句(用現(xiàn)在完成時)這是……的第一次 It's the first time that I have ever been abroad at all.

　　8. What is it that...? 是什么……?

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法：

　　(1) 結(jié)構(gòu)：It is / It was (過去時間) + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that / who (專指人) + 其他部分

　　(2) 用法：除了謂語動詞不能強(qiáng)調(diào)，句子的每部分均可強(qiáng)調(diào)。 Jim met the student in the street last week.

　　主語 賓語 地點(diǎn)狀語 時間狀語

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：It was Jim who / that met the student in the street last week.

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語：It was the student whom / that Jim met in the street last week.

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語：It was in the street that Jim met the student last week.

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語：It was last week that Jim met the student in the street.

　　(3) 注意點(diǎn)：

　　一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句：

　　Was it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now?

　　特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)凋句：

　　Who is it that will visit our class?

　　Where is it that he has gone?

　　When was it that she went?

　　not … until … 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句：

　　It was not until then that I realized I was wrong.

　　高中英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)(二)

　　1. Talking about likes and dislikes. 談?wù)撓矚g和不喜歡

　　-- I enjoy Chinese food very much. -- ____. (03東北三校)

　　A. Please taste quickly B. Have more, please

　　C. Help yourself D. Eat slowly while it is hot

　　[答案與解析]C本題主要考查具體語境下“對事物喜好”的表達(dá)及應(yīng)答。A項(xiàng)不禮貌，B、D兩項(xiàng)屬漢語習(xí)慣，C項(xiàng)符合此時英語語境。

　　【歸納】英語中常見表達(dá)喜歡和不喜歡態(tài)度的用語有：

　　(1) This book is very interesting.

　　(2) I like / love the movie (very much).

　　(3)I like / love to play computer games.

　　(4) I like taking photos.

　　(5) I enjoy listening to music.

　　(6) I'm interested in science. My hobbies / interests are...

　　(7) He is fond of music.

　　(8) This song is bad / awful.

　　(9) I don't like the movie very much / at all.

　　(10)I don't enjoy collecting stamps.

　　(11)I hate to do homework. I hate dancing,

　　(12)I'm not into classic music.

　　(13)I think that classic music is terrible / boring.

　　2. Making apologies 道歉

　　-- I'm sorry I'm calling you so late. -- ____ Okay.

　　(2003北京春招)

　　A. This is B. You're C. That's D. I'm

　　[答案與解析] C 本題主要考查英語中道歉及應(yīng)答用語。A、B、D三項(xiàng)不符合交際英語的習(xí)慣，故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　【歸納】英語中常見道歉用語有：

　　(1) I'm very sorry. I didn't mean to (hurt your feelings).

　　(2) I'm terribly sorry about that.

　　(3) I'm afraid I've brought you too much trouble.

　　(4) Please excuse me coming late.

　　(5) Please forgive me.

　　(6) Excuse me, please.

　　(7) I beg your pardon.

　　應(yīng)答表達(dá)有：

　　(1) That's / It's all right.

　　(2) That's / It's OK.

　　(3) Never mind.

　　(4) It doesn't matter.

　　(5) It's nothing.

　　(6) Forget it.

　　(7) Don't worry about that.

　　(8) Don't mention it.

　　3. Talking about language difficulties in communication 談?wù)撜Z言交際困難

　　-- I'm sorry. I can't catch you. ____

　　-- OK, it's B—L—A—C—K.

　　A. Would you please walk slowly?

　　B. I don't understand you.

　　C. What's the meaning of this word?

　　D. Would you please repeat it more slowly?

　　[答案與解析] D本題主要考查語言交際困難的功能意念。catch 在整個語境中是“聽見，聽清”的意思，A項(xiàng)錯誤理解了catch 在此處的意思，B、C兩項(xiàng)語義不連貫， 故正確答案是D。

　　【歸納】英語中常見的談?wù)撜Z言交際困難的用語有：

　　(1) Pardon? / I beg your pardon.

　　(2) Sorry, I can't follow you.

　　(3) Can you speak more slowly, please?

　　(4 )How do you say...in English.'?

　　(5) I don't know how to say that in English.

　　(6) I don't know the word in English.

　　(7) How do you spell it, please?

　　(8) I'm sorry I only know a little English.

　　(9) Could you repeat that, please? Could you say that

　　again, please?

　　(10) What do you mean by killing time?

　　高中英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)(三)

　　1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法

　　2. Say "Hi" / "Hello" / "Thanks" to sb. (for me) 問候的句型

　　3. Is anybody seeing you off? 進(jìn)行時表將來

　　4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling)

　　5. You should not go rafting unless you know... unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于if... not

　　6. By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的狀語從句

　　7. She was so surprised that she couldn't move. 結(jié)果狀語從句

　　8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 過去分詞作狀語

　　9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語

　　10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didn't take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法

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