外研社高一英語(yǔ)必修一知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，表示最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)詞有：come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.

　　例：1. I’m coming. 我就來(lái)

　　2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下個(gè)星期天做什么?

　　3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你將沿湄公河旅行

　　4. Where are you staying at night? 你們晚上待在哪里/

　　外研社高一英語(yǔ)必修一知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

　　概念：直接引語(yǔ)：直接引述別人的原話。一般前后要加引號(hào)。

　　間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下可構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句且不要加引號(hào)。

　　例： Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy.

　　變化規(guī)則

　　(一)陳述句的變化規(guī)則

　　直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞that(可省略)引導(dǎo)，從句中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。

　　人稱(chēng)的變化——人稱(chēng)的變化主要是要理解句子的意思

　　例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.

　　2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”

　　→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.

　　時(shí)態(tài)的變化

　　例：

　　“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.

　　→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.

　　The boy said, “I’m using a knife.” → The boy said that he was using a knife.

　　▲注意：如果直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變，如：

　　He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.

　　指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化

　　(二) 祈使句的變化規(guī)則

　　如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面還要加上not。例：

　　The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”→ The hostess asked us to sit down.

　　He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.” → He told the boys not to make so much noise.

　　(三)疑問(wèn)句的變化規(guī)則

　　如果直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，句末用句號(hào)。

　　一般疑問(wèn)句：如果直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是say或said時(shí)，要改為 ask 或asked,原問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例:

　　“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.

　　→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.

　　2) 特殊疑問(wèn)句：如果間接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原來(lái)的引導(dǎo)詞，但疑問(wèn)句要變?yōu)殛愂鼍洹＠?/p>

　　“What do you want?” he asked me. → He asked me what I wanted

　　外研社高一英語(yǔ)必修一知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：定語(yǔ)從句

　　概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。

　　成分：先行詞，即被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞;關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who(賓格為whom,所有格為whose);或者關(guān)系副詞where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起著連接主從句的作用。

　　1. 關(guān)系代詞that的用法

　　關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中既能指人，也能指物;既能做主語(yǔ)，也能做賓語(yǔ)

　　例：1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主語(yǔ))

　　2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物，作賓語(yǔ))

　　3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人，作主語(yǔ))

　　4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,(指人，作賓語(yǔ))

　　2. 關(guān)系代詞which的用法

　　關(guān)系代詞which在定語(yǔ)從句中只能指物，但既可以做賓語(yǔ)也能作主語(yǔ)

　　例：1)They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主語(yǔ))

　　2)The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作賓語(yǔ))

　　3. 關(guān)系代詞who，whom的用法

　　關(guān)系代詞who,whom 只能指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)

　　例：1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主語(yǔ))

　　2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作賓語(yǔ))、

　　4. 關(guān)系代詞whose在的用法

　　關(guān)系代詞whose為關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語(yǔ)從句中既可以做主語(yǔ)也可以做賓語(yǔ)。

　　例：1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主語(yǔ))

　　2) The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物，作主語(yǔ))

　　3)He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. (指物，作賓語(yǔ))

　　5. 關(guān)系副詞when的用法

　　關(guān)系副詞when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　例：1)I’ll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.

　　2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?

　　6. 關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法

　　關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

　　例：1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.

　　2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean.

　　7. 關(guān)系副詞why在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法

　　關(guān)系副詞why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)

　　例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why(= for which) I left.

　　2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.

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