略

第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)

第一節(jié) (共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Bike Rental & Guided Tours

Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.

Why MacBike

MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (剎車), bikes with hand brake and gears (排擋), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.

Prices

Guided City Tours

The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.

21. What is an advantage of MacBike?

A. It gives children a discount. B. It of offers many types of bikes.

C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.

22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?

A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.

23. Where does the guided city tour start?

A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.

C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.

B

When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.

After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細(xì)菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.

The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.

He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.

Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.

“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”

24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?

A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.

C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.

25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?

A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.

C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.

26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?

A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.

C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.

27. What is the basis for John’s work?

A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.

C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.

C

The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.

To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.

Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.

In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.

The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培養(yǎng)) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (獨(dú)處) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.

28. What is the book aimed at?

A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.

C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.

29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.

30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?

A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.

C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.

31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?

A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.

C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.

D

On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.

This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whaterer reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.

But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (轉(zhuǎn)折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.

In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.

32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?

A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.

C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.

33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.

A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates

C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent

34. What did the follow-up study focus on?

A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.

C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.

35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?

A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.

第二節(jié) (共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Personal Forgiveness

Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯錯(cuò)) is human. 36 You can use the followning writing exercise to help you do this.

In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.

At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38

You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.

It’s something of a cliché (陳詞濫調(diào)) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.

A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.

B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.

C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.

D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.

E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.

F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.

G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.

第二部分 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

第一節(jié) (共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41 the course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.

As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her am to see if she could walk forward with 46 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.

Once there, Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.

As for Bailey, she is more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52 . “She was just crying. I couldn’t 53 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”

Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 , they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 55 of human kindness won the day.

41. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished

42. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse

43. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor

44. A. race B. school C. town D. training

45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised

46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice

47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down

48. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal

49. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated

50. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness

51. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged

52. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal

53. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand

54. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show

55. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange

第二節(jié) (共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 57 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 58 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 59 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 60 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 61 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 62 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 63 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.

No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 64 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 65 (want) more next time.

第三部分 寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

第一節(jié) (滿分15分)

假定你是李華，外教Ryan準(zhǔn)備將學(xué)生隨機(jī)分為兩人一組，讓大家課后練習(xí)口語(yǔ)，你認(rèn)為這樣分組存在問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)你給外教寫(xiě)一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.說(shuō)明問(wèn)題;

2.提出建議。

注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右;

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

第二節(jié) (滿分25分)

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest, I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.

So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.

I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (銀匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny, and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice.

What did the horse think, as sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I cheeked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half-dozen books on paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.

When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win. I wouldn’t care.

注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右;

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練技巧

(一)量度原則

學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，在相應(yīng)水平上進(jìn)行量的積累是必須的，量變才會(huì)引起質(zhì)變。所以大家在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，可以養(yǎng)成每天或每周定量地去聽(tīng)些相關(guān)英語(yǔ)素材，如慢速VOA或最簡(jiǎn)單地把課本的錄音材料播放。當(dāng)你長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持下去的話，定會(huì)有意料之外的結(jié)果。

(二)重復(fù)原則

根據(jù)艾賓浩斯記憶曲線來(lái)說(shuō)，人的記憶會(huì)在學(xué)習(xí)之后立即開(kāi)始，而且遺忘的進(jìn)程并不是均勻的。最初遺忘速度很快，以后逐漸緩慢。所以記憶越到后期越難被遺忘，因此重復(fù)記憶不是多余動(dòng)作，反而是使人準(zhǔn)確、深刻理解事物本質(zhì)、內(nèi)在規(guī)律，加深對(duì)事物的記憶。

(三)模仿原則

模仿是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的另一個(gè)途徑，切勿以為模仿很枯燥，其實(shí)模仿是創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)。大家可以在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中模仿錄音材料中的發(fā)音，語(yǔ)調(diào)亦或是其他。

(四)堅(jiān)持原則

通過(guò)堅(jiān)持聽(tīng)英文新聞、看英文報(bào)章等英語(yǔ)類讀物，不但學(xué)到了詞匯，還熟悉了各種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，同時(shí)提高語(yǔ)言的流暢度，加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)感，讓你在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的表達(dá)上達(dá)到順暢，而且可以更了解了一些西方的生活、文化和思想。

高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力答題技巧

聽(tīng)力正式開(kāi)始前快速瀏覽選項(xiàng)

考試中，很多人會(huì)抱怨沒(méi)有時(shí)間瀏覽各個(gè)題目的選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，等到聽(tīng)力開(kāi)始時(shí)，因?yàn)椴恢赖竭x項(xiàng)內(nèi)容而變得措手不及。其實(shí)這也是有方法的，考試者可以利用對(duì)話正式開(kāi)始之前的閱讀題型介紹及例題時(shí)間快速瀏覽選項(xiàng)，這樣就能做到心中有數(shù)。

對(duì)話模式的聽(tīng)力要抓重點(diǎn)

在英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力考試中，我們遇到最多的就是對(duì)話模式的，通常是一男一女的對(duì)話，在高級(jí)的考試中的對(duì)話速度都是非常的快的，那么怎樣在對(duì)話模式中抓住重點(diǎn)呢?每一段對(duì)話或是文章都會(huì)有一到兩個(gè)是主題句，這個(gè)中心點(diǎn)無(wú)論是在英語(yǔ)考試中還是在英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力考試中都是不變的。所以主題句的所在可以說(shuō)是制勝的關(guān)鍵，你可以不理解那段話，只要你理解主題句，就是對(duì)話的重點(diǎn)。主題句常常在對(duì)話的開(kāi)頭，對(duì)整篇對(duì)話的大意起到概括和提示的作用，實(shí)際上是說(shuō)話人所談?wù)摰闹行脑掝};長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的第一題很可能針對(duì)對(duì)話的開(kāi)頭提問(wèn)。結(jié)尾處往往涉及到建議、決定或某種行為等，它對(duì)整個(gè)對(duì)話起到一個(gè)總結(jié)的作用。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的`最后一題經(jīng)常是針對(duì)對(duì)話的結(jié)尾設(shè)題，故留意結(jié)尾回合中的關(guān)鍵動(dòng)詞就成了解題的關(guān)鍵。

掌握特定句型

英美人在向他人提出建議或請(qǐng)求時(shí)，往往采用委婉的方式來(lái)表達(dá)。否定題型在這類題型中，最重要的線索是抓住否定性的關(guān)鍵詞。值得注意的是這類題一般都不是以明顯的否定方式出現(xiàn)的，所以需考生多加注意。身份及人物關(guān)系題型中，在Section A中身份及人物關(guān)系的題型幾乎每次考試都會(huì)出現(xiàn)?？忌梢酝ㄟ^(guò)抓關(guān)鍵的特征詞來(lái)判斷。四級(jí)聽(tīng)力中常見(jiàn)的人物關(guān)系有teacher and student, librarian and student, shop assistant and customer, doctor and patient, waiter (waitress) and customer。而地點(diǎn)及場(chǎng)所這類題型在聽(tīng)力對(duì)話題中也較簡(jiǎn)單，考生只需掌握表示地點(diǎn)及方位的介詞短語(yǔ)，抓住其中的關(guān)鍵場(chǎng)景特點(diǎn)，就能辨認(rèn)對(duì)話發(fā)生的場(chǎng)所。如一聽(tīng)到boarding一詞，就想到是機(jī)場(chǎng)。數(shù)字和時(shí)間題型是Section A中最簡(jiǎn)單的一類，考生只要事先瀏覽了選項(xiàng)，留意對(duì)話中的數(shù)字或時(shí)間稍經(jīng)計(jì)算和分析，就能答對(duì)。所以，考生一定要把握好這類拿分題。

高考英語(yǔ)完形填空答題技巧

1. 依據(jù)上下文確定答案的法則：

從近幾年的完形填空題看，近義詞或近義短語(yǔ)的測(cè)試力度逐漸加強(qiáng)，并成為測(cè)試熱點(diǎn)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)不是詞義相近，要不就是近義動(dòng)詞的同 一種時(shí)態(tài)的現(xiàn)象，或名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)搭配。若選項(xiàng)詞義差異很大，必然文章中藏有提示語(yǔ)，正因如此，往往第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)有時(shí)需要讀完全篇短文才能準(zhǔn)確回答。

2. 詞語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義與強(qiáng)于語(yǔ)法原則：

完型填空題的首句不留空，目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素：地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物和事由。再則，單純語(yǔ)法題已基本退出該題型的測(cè)試范 疇，所以，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生時(shí)，首先要告知他們這類現(xiàn)象。盡管四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞語(yǔ)都符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，然而該題的解答必須遵循先全面理解篇章語(yǔ)義，再結(jié)合正確語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)每 個(gè)空格作出準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤的抉擇。

3. 解題四步法原則：

第一步：跳讀。帶著空格通讀全文，了解短文大意，判別短文文體，同時(shí)能將會(huì)做的題及時(shí)解決掉。

第二步：選答。這一步最為關(guān)鍵，要求考生對(duì)每一道題進(jìn)行認(rèn)真推敲，但是要告誡他們?nèi)f萬(wàn)不可按照題的順序答題，對(duì)那些不能拿不準(zhǔn)的題先跳過(guò)去，遵循先易后難的解題原則。

第三步：推敲。這實(shí)際上就是要求考生對(duì)完形填空短文的篇章作通盤(pán)考慮，把其中一些需要依據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)考慮的比較難解答的題，以及句子之間和段落之間的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)較強(qiáng)的認(rèn)真推敲，甄別，篩選和抉擇。

第四步：復(fù)查。這是解答這類題的最后一步，要求考生解完題之后務(wù)必再把文章通讀一遍，從整體上準(zhǔn)確把握文章的真正意思，及時(shí)修改與全文有出入的一些選項(xiàng)。