八年級(jí)下冊(cè)第三單元詞匯短語(yǔ)及被動(dòng)綜合歸納
第三單元詞匯短語(yǔ)及被動(dòng)綜合歸納
Ⅰ. Vocabulary
1.description (n. 描述)---describe(v. 描述)
describesth. = tell what sth. is like = give a description of sth.
2. fit(adj. 健康的)---fit(v. 適合、合身)---fitness (n. 健康、適合) fit in 相處融洽,合得來(lái);be fit for = be suitable for 能勝任、適合
3. dive(v. 潛水)---diving (n. 潛水) --- diver (n. 潛水員)
4.attract(v. 吸引)---attraction (n. 吸引力)---attractive(adj. 有吸引力的、誘人的)---distraction(n. 分心) attract one’s attention. 吸引注意力
5.hang(v. 懸掛)---hanger (n. 衣架)
hang(v. 懸掛)---hung---hung
hang(v. 絞死、吊死)---hanged--- hanged
hang outwith sb. 與…外出閑逛
hang on 等候,別掛電話 = hold on
6.require(v. 需要)---requirement (n. 需求)
requiresb. to do
requirethat sb. (should) do 要求某人做…
7.practise(v. 從事)---practice(n. 練習(xí))---practical(adj. 現(xiàn)實(shí)的)
practicedoing sth. 練習(xí)做…
8.health(n. 健康)---healthy(adj. 健康的)---unhealthy(adj. 不健康的)
ingood/bad health = healthy/unhealthy 健康(不健康的)
9.luck(n. 運(yùn)氣)---lucky(adj. 運(yùn)氣好的)---luckily(adv. 不幸的)---unlucky(adj. 不幸的)---unluckily(adv. 不幸地)
out ofluck = unlucky 倒霉
10.wedding(n. 婚禮)--- wed (v. 結(jié)婚)---newly-wed (n. 新婚的)
11.rough(adj. 粗糙的)---roughness(n.粗暴、粗野)
12.simple (adj. 簡(jiǎn)單的、自然的、率直的)---simply(adv. 僅僅)---simplicity(n. 簡(jiǎn)單、樸素);simple-minded頭腦簡(jiǎn)單的
?、? Key phrases:
1. divedown 潛入水下
2. stayunder the water 待在水中
3. up totwo minutes = about two minutes 大約兩分鐘
4. setoff in the late afternoon 在下午較晚時(shí)候出發(fā)
5. getthe cormorant ready for work 讓鸕鶿準(zhǔn)備好捕魚
6. stopthem from eating big fish = prevent them from eating big fish. 防止鸕鶿吞掉大魚
7. jumpup and down 上下跳
8. hang alight 掛一盞燈
9. nomore = not any more 不再…
10. thetraditional skill of paper cutting 傳統(tǒng)剪紙藝術(shù)
11. aperson with a traditional skill 傳統(tǒng)手工藝人
12. berequired to do sth.被要求做某事
13. puton a play 上演一個(gè)戲劇
14. keep …alive 讓…活著(不遺失)
15. thistype of fishing = this kind of fishing 這種(捕魚)的方式
?、? Grammar Passive Voice (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
1. 結(jié)構(gòu):Be + V.pp(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)
2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)較常見的八種形式如下:
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are done
一般過(guò)去時(shí) was/weredone
一般將來(lái)時(shí) shall/will/begoing to be done
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/arebeing done
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/hasbeen done
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/werebeing done
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) wouldbe done
過(guò)去完成時(shí) hadbeen done
3. 常見It is + 過(guò)去分詞+ that 句型有:
It’s saidthat … 據(jù)說(shuō)……
It’sbelieved that 人們相信……
It’sreported that 據(jù)報(bào)道……
It’ssuggested that 有人建議……
4. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + V. pp(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)
常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞包括:ought to(=should), must, have to,can等等。
5. 主動(dòng)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí),要把它們作為整體看,即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉,介詞或副詞不可省略。這類動(dòng)詞有:laugh at, operate on, look after,make fun of, make use of take care of,carry out, give up, hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out,talk about等。
eg. Yourpronunciation must be paid great attention to.你要著重注意一下你的發(fā)音。
6. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的幾種情況
?、?動(dòng)詞(表示主語(yǔ)的屬性特征) + 副詞(well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。
read, write,sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink,…
eg. Thispen made in Japan ________ well. (write)
②不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語(yǔ),且和句子的主語(yǔ)(或賓語(yǔ))構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。
difficult,easy, hard, fit, pleasant, good, comfortable, light, heavy, safe,…
eg. Wefind English is hard _______ (learn).
?、鄄欢ㄊ阶骱笾枚ㄕZ(yǔ),與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,又和該句主語(yǔ)(或賓語(yǔ))構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí),用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。
eg. Ihave a lot of homework ______(do).
?、鼙硎緺顟B(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞(look, sound, feel, smell, taste,prove, appear, make,...)+adj./n.,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。
Thatsounds a good idea. / The rotten meat smells terrible.
?、荼硎?ldquo;開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)”的動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。(begin, open, start, stop, end, finish,shut, move, run,...)
Our classoften starts at 8 a.m. .
?、拮?ldquo;需要”講的want/need/require后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),同be worth, in need of,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義;當(dāng)然也可接不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)。
Ourclassroom needs cleaning/ to be cleaned.
7. ① take place(發(fā)生),happen, break out(爆發(fā)), belong to(屬于), die, last(持續(xù)),appear(看起來(lái)), come true(變成現(xiàn)實(shí)), turn out(結(jié)果是),rise, succeed, lie等不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
?、?一感(feel)二聽(hear, listen to)三讓(let, make, have)四觀看(see, watch, notice, look at)等后面的不定式不帶“to”;變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)必須還原“to”。
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