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高分網(wǎng) > 學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 英語學(xué)習(xí)方法 >

2016年八年級(jí)上冊仁愛英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)(2)

時(shí)間: 文樺2 英語學(xué)習(xí)方法

  3.Would you like to collect any of these things? (Page 53)你想集下面這些東西嗎?

  would you like to +動(dòng)詞原形,表示“想要……”如:

  1) Would you like to have a cup of coffee? 你想要一杯咖啡嗎?

  2)Would you like to have something to drink?你想要點(diǎn)喝的嗎?

  any 用在疑問句、條件從句中,可以翻譯為“什么”、“一些”。如:

  1)Are there any letters for me? 這有我的信嗎?

  2)If you have any trouble, please let me know. 如果你有什么困難,請告訴我。

  4. What things do you love collecting? (Page 53)你喜歡集什么東西?

  love + doing表示“喜歡、愛好”,也可以用like+ doing表示。如:

  1)I love listening to the music.我愛好聽音樂。

  2)I love skating.我喜歡溜冰。

  5.I am interested in playing sports. (Page 54)我對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣。

  be interested in (doing) sth. “對(duì)……感興趣”如:

  1)I am interested in reading books.我對(duì)讀書特別感興趣。

  2)Jack is interested in football.杰克對(duì)足球很感興趣。

  6.What do you often do in your spare time? (Page 55)

  在你的業(yè)余時(shí)間里面你都做些什么啊?

  in one’s spare time “在業(yè)余時(shí)間”“在閑暇之際”,也可用in one’s free time替換。如:

  1)I shall do it in my spare time. 我會(huì)在我的業(yè)余時(shí)間做這件事。

  2)In my free time I often go to the movies.在閑暇之際,我常去看電影。

  7. I often go fishing. (Page 55)我經(jīng)常去釣魚。

  go + doing表示“去做某事”

  go +v-ing結(jié)構(gòu)很常用,多用于體育活動(dòng)和業(yè)余娛樂活動(dòng)。如:

  1)Let’s go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我們?nèi)メ烎~吧。

  2)Are you going hiking this weekend?這個(gè)周末你打算去遠(yuǎn)足嗎?

  另外還有:go hunting 去打獵 go shooting 去射擊 go swimming 去游泳 go bathing 去沐浴 go shopping 去購物 go climbing 去爬山

  8.And I do a lot of reading. (Page 55)我通常都是閱讀一些書籍。

  在英語中有不少由“do + doing”的結(jié)構(gòu),表示“干某事”。如:

  散步 do some walking do a lot of walking

  讀書 do some readingdo a lot of reading

  洗衣服 do some washingdo a lot of washing

  買東西 do some shoppingdo a lot of shopping

  清掃 do some cleaningdo a lot of cleaning

  9.I?m a movie fan. (page 55)我是一個(gè)電影迷。

  fan(運(yùn)動(dòng)、電影等)狂熱愛好者。如:

  a film / football / star fan

  同時(shí),fan作為名詞還有“風(fēng)扇”的意思。如:electric fan 電扇。

  10.I also rent VCDs and watch them at home. (Page 55)

  我也租一些VCD在家看。

  watch “觀看、注視”。如:

  1) I like to watch TV.我喜歡看電視。

  2) Are you going to play or watch?你將參加比賽還是只是去看看?

  11.Why not go out and do some outdoor activities? (Page 55)

  為什么不走出去做一些戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)呢?

  這是一個(gè)省略句,全句可以說成Why shall we not go out and do some outdoor activities?常在口語中使用,用來征求對(duì)方的意見或表達(dá)建議。使用這種句子必須要有上下文,如:

  1)Why not meet at the school gate?我們在校門口見面好嗎?

  2)Why not run a little faster?為什么不跑快一點(diǎn)呢?

  some“一些、幾個(gè)”,用在疑問句中, 表示希望得到肯定回答。如:

  1)Would you like to give us some good advice?請給我們一些好的建議好嗎?

  2)Would you like some coffee or tea?請問,你是想喝咖啡還是茶?

  12.Maybe I need a change. (Page 55) 或許我需要改變。

  maybe “也許、可能、大概”。如:

  1)Maybe he will come, maybe he won’t.也許他來,也許他不來。

  2)—Is that true?那是真的嗎?

  —Maybe, I am not sure.也許,我也不敢肯定。

  13.My interests are changing all the time. (Page 56) 我的興趣愛好總是在不斷地改變。 all the time“總是、一直”。如:

  1)Why are you playing all the time? 你為什么總是玩啊?

  2)Look at these monkeys, they are jumping all the time.

  看看這些猴子,它們一直跳個(gè)不停。

  14. And I wasn’t interested in sports at all. (Page 56)我對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)一點(diǎn)興趣都沒有。

  not...at all “一點(diǎn)也不……”;“全然不”。如:

  1)I didn’t mind it at all. 我一點(diǎn)也不在意。

  2)—Thank you for helping me.謝謝你幫助我。

  —Not at all.沒關(guān)系。

  3)He didn’t know that at all. 他對(duì)此事一無所知。

  15. But now, my hobbies are sports, like soccer and swimming. (Page 56)

  但是現(xiàn)在我的愛好是體育,比如足球和游泳。

  like “像……,好比……”。如:

  1)He swims very quickly like a fish.他游泳非常地快,像一條魚。

  2) The cake is round like a moon.這塊蛋糕是圓的,就像月亮一樣。

  16. I never miss any important soccer games. (Page 56)

  我從未錯(cuò)過任何一場重要的足球比賽。

  never “未曾、從未”,表示否定。如:

  1)I have never met him before.我以前從未見過他。

  2) You have never been to the Great Wall, have you?你從未去過長城,是嗎?

  17. I used to know little about paintings. (Page 56)我過去不太懂繪畫。

  little和few都含有否定的意思。表示“不多”;“很少”。little相當(dāng)于not much, few相當(dāng)于not many。little與不可數(shù)名詞連用, few與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用。如:

  1)I have little time.我的時(shí)間很少。

  2) I understood little of his speech.他的話我沒有明白多少。

  3) Few of the students passed the exam.沒有幾個(gè)學(xué)生考試及格。

  Few people would agree with him.沒有多少人同意他。

  而a little和a few含有肯定的意思,表示“一些”;“幾個(gè)”(雖然少,但有一些)。如:

  1)I know a little French.我多少還懂點(diǎn)兒法語。

  2) There’s a little water in the glass.杯子里還有點(diǎn)兒水。

  3) Can you stay a few days longer?你能多呆幾天嗎?

  4)I still have a few friends in Beijing.我在北京還有幾個(gè)朋友。

  18. I enjoy listening to rock music. (Page 56)我喜歡聽搖滾音樂。

  like, love, enjoy和prefer,這四個(gè)詞都有“喜歡”之意,但用法不同。試比較:

  like意為“喜歡、愛好”,語氣較弱,其后可跟名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等作賓語。like也常跟復(fù)合賓語,賓語補(bǔ)足語常用動(dòng)詞不定式。如:

  1)In England, many people like fish and chips.

  在英國,許多人喜歡魚和油炸土豆條。

  2)Jack likes playing football.杰克愛踢足球。

  3)I don’t like to eat apples now.現(xiàn)在我不想吃蘋果。

  love意為“愛,熱愛,喜歡”,常指對(duì)祖國、親人及朋友的愛,也可用于事物,強(qiáng)調(diào)非常喜歡,具有較強(qiáng)的感情色彩。其后可跟名詞、動(dòng)名詞、代詞或不定式作賓語。如:

  1)Father loves his work.爸爸熱愛他的工作。

  2)I love watching TV.我愛看電視。

  3)Children love to play this game.孩子們愛做這種游戲。

  4)We all love our great motherland.我們熱愛我們偉大的祖國。

  enjoy意為“喜歡,欣賞”,含有“樂于、享受……之樂趣”之意,其后可以跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。enjoy oneself表示“玩得愉快”之意。

  1)The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜歡在中國居住。

  2)Did you enjoy yourself in the zoo?你在動(dòng)物園玩得愉快嗎?

  3)Many foreigners enjoy Chinese food.很多外國人喜歡中國菜。

  prefer意為“寧愿、更喜歡”,常用于兩者之間的選擇,其后可跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或不定式。prefer...to...表示“寧愿……,不愿……”,“喜歡……而不喜歡……”,其中to為介詞,后可跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如:

  1)Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?你比較喜歡喝茶,還是喝咖啡?

  2)I prefer walking to cycling.我喜歡步行勝過騎單車。

  3)My brother likes maths, but I prefer English.

  我哥哥喜歡數(shù)學(xué),而我更喜歡英語。

  19.Did you use to go swimming during summer vacations? (Page 57)

  在暑假里,你過去經(jīng)常去游泳么?

  during “在……的期間、在……的時(shí)候”。如:

  1)The sun gives us light during the daytime.太陽在白天給我們陽光。

  2) He called to see me during my absence.當(dāng)我不在的時(shí)候他來訪過我。

  20.I used to do that in the pond in front of my house. ( Page 57)

  我過去常在我家門前的池塘里游泳。

  in front of “在……的前面”;指在物體外部的前面。而in the front of “……的前部”;指在物

  體內(nèi)部的前面,即前部。注意它們的區(qū)別。試比較:

  1)There is a tall tree in front of my house.我家房前有一棵大樹。

  2)Don’t stand in front of me. I can’t see the blackboard.

  別站在我前面。我都看不見黑板了。

  3)The teacher is giving a lesson in the front of the classroom.

  老師在教室的前面講課。

  4) The driver is sitting in the front of the car.司機(jī)坐在汽車的前面。

  21.Nobody. I taught myself. ( Page 57) 沒有任何人,我自學(xué)的。

  teach oneself “自學(xué)、自修”。teach動(dòng)詞“教授、教……”有些動(dòng)詞后常跟反身代詞,如:enjoy oneself “過得愉快”, help oneself “隨便吃(用)……”。如:

  1)She teaches history in our school.她在我們學(xué)校教歷史。

  2)She taught his son English when he was 3 years old.她兒子3歲時(shí),她就教他英語。

  3)Did you enjoy yourselves in the party?你們在舞會(huì)上玩得愉快嗎?

  4)Help yourself to some fruit.請隨便吃些水果吧。

  22.When they are free, people usually do what they like. (Page 58)

  當(dāng)人們空閑的時(shí)候,他們總是做一些自己喜歡的事情。

  free “有空、空閑”, be free可以替換為have time。如:

  1)Are you free this evening? = Do you have time this evening? 你今天晚上有空嗎?

  2)If I am free, I am going to visit the museum. = If I have time, I am going to visit the museum.如果有時(shí)間,我打算去參觀博物館。

  23.They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps. (Page 58)

  他們也繪畫或者收集一些東西,例如:硬幣、娃娃或郵票。

  such as “像……、比如……、諸如……”如:

  1)We study several subjects, such as Chinese, maths, English and physics.

  我們學(xué)習(xí)很多的科目,比如語文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語和物理。

  2)I can name some animals in the zoo, such as tiger, wolf, fox and so on.

  我可以叫出動(dòng)物園里一些動(dòng)物的名字,如老虎,狼,狐貍等。

  24.When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner.(Page 58)

  當(dāng)人們變老的時(shí)候,愛好可以幫助他們保持健康。當(dāng)人們身體虛弱的時(shí)候,愛好還可以幫助他們很快地康復(fù)。

  本句中become, keep, be, 與get都是系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞的基本用法是其后加形容詞做表語。系動(dòng)詞一共可以分為兩大類:表示狀態(tài)的和表示狀態(tài)變化的。系動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)的又分為以下三類:

  1)be, seem, appear等。

  2)由感官動(dòng)詞變化而來的,翻譯成中文通常可以翻譯成“……起來”,這些系動(dòng)詞有:look, sound, feel, taste, smell等。

  3)由不及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的,這些系動(dòng)詞有:stand, keep, prove, remain系動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)變化的包括:become, go, get, grow, turn, fall等。如:

  1)Coffee smells nice.咖啡聞起來好香。

  2)After hearing that, his face went red.聽完,他的臉紅了。

  3)The days get longer and longer in spring.春天白天變得越來越長了。

  24.I call him Pink pig. The color of his skin is light pink. ( Page 59)

  我叫他粉色,因?yàn)樗钠つw是淡粉色的。

  light“淡色的、淺色的”,而dark的意思則是“深色的、暗淡的”。如:

  1)Which dress do you like, the light one or the dark one?

  你喜歡哪條裙子,淺色的還是深色的?

  2)It is dark now. Let’s go home quickly. 天黑了,咱們快點(diǎn)兒回家吧。

  25.Pink likes to have a bath.( Page 59) Pink喜歡洗澡。

  have a bath 洗澡

  短語have a bath與動(dòng)詞bathe意思一樣,但前者表示在有限的時(shí)間里進(jìn)行某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。如: 游泳 have a swim 談一談 have a talk

  洗一洗 have a wash騎馬 have a ride

  看一看 have a look休息一下 have a rest

  26.How do you take care of them? ( Page 59)你怎樣照顧它們?

  take care of 照顧,類似的說法還有l(wèi)ook after。如:

  1)The girl is too young to take care of herself.這姑娘太小了還不能照顧自己。

  2) The old man is taken good care of by his children.這位老人被他的孩子們精心地照顧著。

  3)My mother is ill. I have to look after her at home.我媽媽病了,我得在家照顧她。

  4)You must look after your things. 你必須照看好你自己的東西。

  三.語法學(xué)習(xí)

  1.I used to listen to rock music but now I collect telephone cards and paintings. (Page 53) 我過去常聽搖滾樂,可現(xiàn)在我集電話卡和畫。

  used to do sth. 這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去的習(xí)慣(過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)或狀態(tài)(暗含的意思是現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在),只有一種形式,即過去式,用于所有人稱。used to的否定形式為:used not to do或didn’t use to do。疑問句為Used you to... ? 或 Did you use to...?如:

  1)I used to go to school on foot.

  我過去步行上學(xué)。(暗含的意思是:我現(xiàn)在不再步行上學(xué)了。)

  2)Mary used to sleep late.

  瑪莉過去總是很晚才睡覺。(暗含的意思是:瑪莉現(xiàn)在睡覺不再那么晚了。)

  3)I used to walk along the road after supper.

  我過去常常在晚飯后沿著這條馬路散步。

  4)He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it.

  他過去不喜歡京劇,但現(xiàn)在非常喜歡。

  現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人在口語中或不太正式的書面語中對(duì)否定句和疑問句常使用與do 連用的形式。例如:

  1)I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much.

  我過去不喜歡滑冰,但現(xiàn)在很喜歡。

  2)Did you use to go there?你以往常去哪兒?

  3)There used to be a theatre here, didn’t there?以前這里有一座劇院,是不是?

  另外,注意be used to doing sth.與used to do sth.的區(qū)別:

  be used to doing sth “習(xí)慣于……,適應(yīng)于……”如:

  1)He is used to working hard. 他習(xí)慣于努力地工作。

  2)He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 過去他來看我時(shí),常帶玫瑰花。

  3)I’m used to doing jogging in the morning now. 我習(xí)慣于早上慢跑。

  be used to do sth.“某物被用來做某事”。如:

  1)Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用來生產(chǎn)紙張。

  2)Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今電腦可用來做許多事。

  2. Collecting stamps must be great fun! (Page 53)集郵肯定很有趣!

  must在這里是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,作用是用來表示推測,可以翻譯為“想必”。如:

  1)Your brother must be in the school. I saw him just now.

  你的哥哥想必在學(xué)校。我剛才看見他了。

  2)Your friend must have left for Nanjing yesterday.

  你的朋友想必昨天已經(jīng)離開去南京了。

  3) She thought that her present must be in the box.她以為禮物一定是在盒子里。

  4) You must be thirsty after a long walk.走了很長的路,你一定渴了。

  5) It must be ten o’clock now.現(xiàn)在肯定有10點(diǎn)鐘了。

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的三種否定形式

  must表示“必須”時(shí),其否定回答為don’t have to,意思為“不需要”。如:

  1)Must I pay back the money right now? No, you don’t have to.

  我必須現(xiàn)在償還這筆錢嗎?不,你不需要現(xiàn)在還。

  2)You must listen to the teacher carefully in class.

  你必須在課堂上認(rèn)真聽講。

  must表示“推測”時(shí),其否定形式為can’t,意思為“不可能”。如:

  1)I’ve seen what she is talking about, so she can’t be telling lies.

  我目睹了她所說的事情,因此,她不可能在說謊。

  2)Yesterday I received a letter from him, so he can’t be here.

  昨天我收到了他的信,所以說他不可能在這兒。

  而must not的意思為“絕對(duì)不可,不許,禁止”。如:

  1)You must not smoke in the hospital.你絕對(duì)不可以在醫(yī)院里吸煙。

  2)You must not cross the road when the traffic lights are red.交通燈是紅色時(shí),你千萬不能過馬路。

  3.He doesn’t mind whether they’re good or not. ( Page 59)他并不介意它們是否是好的。

  此句為以whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。whether...or not“不論是否……”。如:

  1)You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not.你必須天天早點(diǎn)起床,不論是否下雨。

  2)Whether we go or not matters little.不論我們是否去,關(guān)系不大。

  if與whether的區(qū)別。

  二者在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)一般可換用。如:

  1)I want to know if / whether it is going to rain tomorrow.我想知道明天是否下雨。

  2) He asked me if / whether Li Ping was at home.他問我李平是否在家。

  3) He didn’t understand if / whether the stranger told a lie.

  他不明白那個(gè)陌生人是否說的是假話。

  但下列幾種情況不能換用。

  whether 后可緊接or not,而if一般不能。

  Let me know whether or not you can come.

  你能來還是不能來,請告訴我一聲。

  whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可移到主句前,if則不能。如:

  Whether this is true or not, I can not say.

  這件事是否真實(shí),我說不上。

  不定式前用whether,不用if。如:

  I haven’t decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home.

  我還沒有決定是看電影還是留在家里。

  介詞后可用whether,不用if。如:

  I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.我是否回家還沒有定。

  Topic2 I like pop music

  一. 重點(diǎn)詞匯

  pity遺憾 concert 音樂會(huì) violin 小提琴 sweet 悅耳的 continue doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事 be born 出生 set up 建立 classical music 古典音樂 folk songs 民歌 stage name 藝名 everyday life 日常生活 be famous for 因……而著名 look for 尋找

  二. 重點(diǎn)句型

  1.And it sounds great! (Page 61) 聽起來好極了。

  sound 系動(dòng)詞“聽起來”,系動(dòng)詞后常與形容詞連用。

  2.What kind of musical instrument can you play? (Page 62)你會(huì)彈什么種類的樂器? kind 是“種類,類型”的意思。如:

  a kind of 一種,all kinds of各種各樣, what kind of 什么類型的。如:

  1)Dumpling is a kind of Chinese food.餃子是一種中國食品。

  2)There are all kinds of books in Beijing Library.北京圖書館有各種各樣的圖書。

  3)What kind of room would you like, a double room or a single room?

  你需要什么類型的房間?雙人間還是單人間?

  3.We have guitar, violin, piano and drum lessons for just ¥240 each. (Page 62) 我們有吉他課、小提琴課、鋼琴課、和打鼓課,每個(gè)課程僅需要240元。 each副詞 “各個(gè)”,“每個(gè)”。如:

  1)These books cost a dollar each.這些書每本一美元。

  2)He gave the boys a shilling each.他給孩子們每人一個(gè)先令。

  4.What do you do in your free time? (Page 63) 你在閑暇之際干些什么? in one’s free time “在閑暇之際”。

  5.Classical music is serious music. (Page 64) 古典音樂是一種很嚴(yán)肅的音樂。

  serious 形容詞“嚴(yán)肅的、認(rèn)真的”;“嚴(yán)重的”。如:

  1)He is a serious worker. 他是一個(gè)工作認(rèn)真的人。

  2)“ It’s nothing serious.” says the doctor,“ You’ve got a little cold.”

  醫(yī)生說:“沒事,就是有點(diǎn)兒感冒。”

  6.Pop music often comes and goes easily. (Page 64) 流行音樂來得快去得也快。

  come and go easily 可以翻譯為“來去匆匆”。如:

  1)Money is something that comes and goes easily.錢這東西來得快去得也快。

  2)Rain in June comes and goes easily.六月的雨來得快去得也快。

  7.They are very popular among young people. (Page 64)它們在年輕人當(dāng)中很流行。

  among 介詞“在……當(dāng)中”,“在……中間”,用于三者或三者以上;而between也是介詞“在……當(dāng)中”,“在……中間”之意,則只能用于兩者之間。如:

  1)Among the family, Lin Tao is the youngest.在全家人中,林濤是最小的。

  2)Tom runs fastest among the boys in his class.

  湯姆是他們班男孩子中跑得最快的。

  3)Mary is sitting between the twins.瑪麗坐在雙胞胎的中間。

  4)The football game is between Chinese team and Japanese team.

  足球賽在中國隊(duì)和日本隊(duì)之間進(jìn)行。

  8. Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs. (Page 64)

  郭蘭英,宋祖英和騰格爾以(唱)民歌而出名。

  be famous for“以……而著名”, “因……而出名”。如:

  1) Gui Lin is famous for the stone forests.桂林以石林而著名。

  2)China is famous for its long history.中國以悠久的歷史而聞名。

  3)Beijing Library is famous for having a large number of books.

  北京圖書館以藏書眾多而聞名。

  9.It is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. (Page 65)

  它是世界上最著名的搖滾樂隊(duì)之一。

  one of “……之一”。常用在“one of + 最高級(jí) +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:

  1)Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.

  長江是世界上最長的河流之一。

  2) English is one of the most difficult subjects this term.

  英語是這學(xué)期最難學(xué)的課程之一。

  3)Liu Xiang is one of the fastest runners in the world.

  劉翔是世界上跑得最快的人之一。

  10.In the fall of 1976, a- 14-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians. 在1976年的秋天,一個(gè)14歲的中學(xué)生,Larry Mullen尋找一些音樂家。

  1)fall是美國英語,相當(dāng)于英國英語的中的autumn。

  2)14-year-old 數(shù)詞和名詞之間有連字符的,名詞不用復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  a three-leg chair 一把三條腿的椅子

  the tenth five-year plan 第十個(gè)五年計(jì)劃

  3)look for “尋找”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”的過程,而find“找到”,則是強(qiáng)調(diào)“找到”的結(jié)果。如:

  1)—What are you doing? 你在干什么?

  — I’m looking for my bike key.我在找我的自行車鑰匙。

  2)—What are you looking for?你在找什么?

  —I’m looking for my cat.我在找我的貓。

  —Can you find it?你找到了沒有?

  —No. I looked for it everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.

  沒有。我到處找,可哪兒也找不到。

  11.He wanted to form a band. (Page 65)他想組建一個(gè)樂隊(duì)。

  want to “想做某事”,want to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:

  1) I want to be a doctor when I grow up.我長大了想當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。

  2) People want to live on the moon some day.人們想有一天能住在月球上。

  3) What do you want to do this Sunday?這個(gè)星期天你想干什么?

  常用want sb. to do sth.表示“想讓某人做某事”。如:

  1)He wants me to help him with his lessons.他想讓我?guī)退麑W(xué)習(xí)功課。

  2) His parents wanted him to clean the room after school.

  他父母想讓他放學(xué)后打掃房間。

  3) The teacher wanted her to speak louder when she answered the question.

  老師想讓她在回答問題的時(shí)候聲音再大一點(diǎn)。

  12.He found 3 boys and they set up a band. (Page 65)

  他找到了3個(gè)男孩,他們就組成了一個(gè)樂隊(duì)。

  found是動(dòng)詞find的過去式。意思是“找到”;find強(qiáng)調(diào)“找到”的結(jié)果。見相關(guān)語言知識(shí)材料中注釋41。

  set up 組建,創(chuàng)辦。如:set up housekeeping組織家庭

  13.The four members are still close friends after many years. (Page 65)

  多年后,4位成員仍然是好朋友。

  close “親密的”。如:

  a close friend一個(gè)親密的朋友

  14.They continue making music. (Page 65)他們繼續(xù)創(chuàng)作音樂。

  continue + to do sth./ doing sth./ n.“繼續(xù)做某事”。如:

  continue to read/writing/ a story 繼續(xù)閱讀/寫作/一個(gè)故事

  15.And people all over the world still enjoy their music very much. (Page 65)

  全世界的人們?nèi)匀环浅O矚g他們的音樂。

  all over the world 全世界

  16.When he was eight, his father asked a music teacher to teach him to play the piano. (Page 67)當(dāng)他八歲的時(shí)候,他的父親請了一位老師來教授他如何彈奏鋼琴。

  在這個(gè)句子中ask的意思是“請求,要求”,常用的ask sb. to do sth.“讓某人做某事”。如:

  1)I often ask my uncle to help me with my maths.我常請我叔叔幫我學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。

  2)My grandfather always asks me to get up at six in the morning.

  我爺爺總讓我早晨六點(diǎn)起床。

  還有一些其他類似的用法。如:

  tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事

  want sb. to do sth.想讓某人做某事

  teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事

  play the piano “彈奏鋼琴”。在英語中,在表示彈奏、演奏樂器時(shí),所有的樂器前面都要加定冠詞the,如:

  play the guitar彈吉他

  play the piano彈鋼琴

  play the violin拉小提琴

  play the drums 敲鼓

  而與之相反,在英語中表達(dá)玩球類項(xiàng)目時(shí),我們通常在球類項(xiàng)目的名詞前不加定冠詞。如: play football踢足球

  play basketball打籃球

  play bridge cards打橋牌

  play chess下棋

  17.He says violin music is his favorite and it makes him happy. (Page 67)

  他說小提琴是他的最愛,使他很快樂。

  make +n.+adj.結(jié)構(gòu)。如: The news made us very exciting. 這個(gè)消息使我們很激動(dòng)。

  三.語法學(xué)習(xí)

  1. What a pity! (Page 61)真遺憾!

  這是一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。what引導(dǎo)感嘆句的基本構(gòu)成為:

  what + a / an +(形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)!

  what +(形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞!如:

  1)What a stupid question!多么愚蠢的問題啊!

  2)What lively boys they are! 多么活潑的男孩子們啊

  2. What are you going to do this Sunday evening?(Page61) 這一周日晚上你想干什么1)“be

  going to” 是一般將來時(shí)的一種表達(dá)方法.它表示:

  i) 現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈? 如: Tom is going to Beijing with his father next

  week.

  ii) 說話人根據(jù)已有的跡象認(rèn)為可能要發(fā)生某事. 如: There are a lot of dark clouds.

  It’s going to rain.

  2) “be going to”句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu):

  肯定句:主語+be going to … eg. He is going to stay at school.

  否定句:主語+be + not +going to… eg. I’m not going to the library this afternoon.

  一般疑問句: Be +主語+going to… eg. Are you going to play tennis next week?

  3)be going to 用于there be 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要用There be going to be + 主語+其它形式.

  如: There is going to be a football game tomorrow.

  4)與be going to 連用的時(shí)間狀語有: next week/month/year, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this evening, in the future等.

  Topic3 The movie is so wonderful!

  一. 重點(diǎn)詞匯

  nobody無人 museum 博物館 church教堂 factory工廠 program節(jié)目 pleasant令人愉快的 handsome英俊的 agree with sb. 與某人看法一致 take a shower洗澡 answer the phone 接電話 do some cleaning 打掃衛(wèi)生 knock at 敲 too…to太…..以至于不能 talk about談?wù)撽P(guān)于

  二.重點(diǎn)句型

  1.I called you but nobody answered the phone. (Page 69)

  我給你打電話了,但是沒有人接。

  answer the phone 固定詞組,可翻譯為“接電話”

  answer的意思是“回答,答復(fù)”。如:

  1) What shall I answer?我將怎樣回答呢?

  2) Have you answered his letter? 你回了他的信嗎?

  3) Answer the door, please, Jack. Someone is knocking at the door. 開門去,杰克,有人在敲門。

  2.Oh, I was taking a shower. (Page 69) 我在淋浴。

  take a shower淋浴,也可以用動(dòng)詞have代替take。如:

  洗澡 take a bath have a bath

  休息一下take a resthave a rest

  看一看take a lookhave a look

  散散步take a walkhave a walk

  3.Yeah, I think so. (Page 71)是,我也這樣認(rèn)為。

  在think后面可以用so來代替前面的內(nèi)容,以避免重復(fù)。例如:

  — Is he at home? 他在家嗎?

  — Yes, I think so. 是的,我想他在家。

  I think so.的否定形式一般為I don’t think so.例如:

  —Do you think classical music is very popular in China?

  你認(rèn)為古典音樂在中國很流行嗎?

  —No, I don’t think so. 不,我認(rèn)為不很流行。

  4.And I also like the young man with light hair. (Page 71) 我也喜歡那個(gè)留著淺色頭發(fā)的年輕人。

  with在這里是“有”的意思。如:

  a coat with two pockets有兩個(gè)口袋的衣服

  a girl with blue eyes碧眼女郎

  a woman with an angry look in her eyes眼里有怒色的女子

  5.He is so handsome! (Page 71)他非常帥!

  so在口語中,與加重語氣的感嘆句連用,作very解。如:

  1) I’m so glad to see you!我很高興見到你!

  2) It was so kind of you !你真好!

  3) There was so much to do!這么多事要做!

  6.I agree with you. (Page 71)我同意你的意見。

  agree with sb.同意某人的看法。如:

  I don’t agree with her.

  我不同意她的意見。

  7. You look very sad. (Page72) 你看起來很傷心。

  look系動(dòng)詞,可以翻譯為“看起來”。look做系動(dòng)詞,后面可以接形容詞、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞、名詞、介詞短語以及as if從句做表語。如:

  1)Tom looks very strong. 湯姆看起來非常的強(qiáng)壯。(形容詞做表語)

  2)Amy looks a fool. 埃米看起來像一個(gè)傻瓜。(名詞做表語)

  3)You look like your mother. 你看起來很像你的母親。(介詞短語做表語)

  4)It looks as if we’re going to win this game. 看起來似乎我們要贏得這場比賽。(從句做表語)

  8.There’s nothing serious. (Page 72)沒什么嚴(yán)重的事。(沒事。) nothing serious “沒事”。注意此結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。用來修飾代詞something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody等的形容詞,要放在被修飾詞的后面。如句中serious要放在nothing的后面。如:

  1) Would you like anything else?你還要點(diǎn)兒什么嗎?

  2) I’ll tell you something important.我要告訴你一件重要的事。

  3) There is nothing wrong with the computer.這臺(tái)電腦沒毛病。

  8.Well, Miss Wang was angry with me. (Page 72)王老師生我的氣了。 注意be angry 后所跟的介詞:

  be angry with + sb. 生某人的氣

  be angry at + sb. 對(duì)某人的言行氣憤

  be angry about + sth. 對(duì)某事生氣 如:

  1) He was angry with himself for having made such foolish mistakes. 他因犯如此愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤而氣惱自己。

  2) He was angry at being kept waiting.他因旁人使他久等而生氣。

  3) He was angry about so much traffic in the street. 他對(duì)街上那么多的車輛而氣惱。

  9.In the early 1800s, Sunday was the “holy day”. (Page 73) 在19世紀(jì)早期,星期日的含義就是“神圣的一天”。

  1800s表示19世紀(jì),同樣的,1900s則表示20世紀(jì)。

  10.In the US, workers called them“blue Mondays”.(Page 73)

  在美國,工人們把它們叫做“藍(lán)色星期一”。

  藍(lán)色(blue)在漢語中的引申意義較少,而在英語中blue是一個(gè)含義十分豐富的顏色詞。在翻譯同這一顏色有關(guān)的表達(dá)時(shí),我們應(yīng)該注意其中的特別含義。 英語的blue常用來喻指人的“情緒低落”、“心情沮喪”、“憂愁若悶”,如:

  1)They felt rather blue after the failure in the football game. 球賽踢輸了,他們感到有些沮喪。

  2)—She looks blue today.What’s the matter with her?

  —She’s in holiday blue.

  —她今天顯得悶悶不樂,出了什么事?

  —她得了假期憂郁癥。

  11. Then decide how you are going to spend your weekend. (Page 74) 然后決定你的周末怎么過。

  spend度過;花費(fèi)(時(shí)間、金錢)。結(jié)構(gòu)有:spend...on sth., spend...(in)doing sth. 如:

  1)He spent 5 yuan on the post card. 他買這張明信片花了5元錢。

  2)They spent three days looking for the lost sheep on the hill. 他們用了三天的時(shí)間在山上找丟失的羊。

  12. Did you have a good time? (Page 76) 你們玩得高興嗎?

  have a good time = enjoy oneself過得愉快;玩得高興。類似的說法還有have a great time, have a nice time, have a wonderful time。

  三.語法學(xué)習(xí) I was doing some washing. I was doing some cleaning. (Page 69)

  我在洗衣服。 我在打掃衛(wèi)生。這句用的是過去進(jìn)行時(shí).

  1. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或那個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.如:

  He were watching TV at 8:00 last night.

  They were writing a book last month.

  3. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)由be (was/were)+動(dòng)詞ing 形式構(gòu)成的,

  肯定句:主語+was/were +doing +…

  否定句: 主語+wasn’t/weren’t +doing +…

  一般疑問句: Was/Were+主語+doing+…

  肯定回答:Yes, 主語+was/were.

  否定回答:No, 主語+wasn’t/weren’t.

  如: They were studying English at this tine yesterday.

  They weren’t studying English at this time yesterday.

  Were they studying English at this time yesterday?

  Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

  2016年八年級(jí)上冊仁愛英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit 4 Our World

  Topic1 we share the world with plants and animals

  一.重點(diǎn)詞語

  1. share„with 與„„共享

  2. play with 玩弄,玩耍

  3. in danger 在危險(xiǎn)之中

  4. feed on 以„„為食

  5. think about 考慮,思考

  6. enjoy nature 享受自然

  7. at night 晚上

  8. in the daytime 白天

  9. summer vacation 暑假

  10.thousands of 成千上萬

  11.in fact 事實(shí)上

  12.find out 查明,發(fā)現(xiàn)

  13.in nature 在自然界

  二.重點(diǎn)句型

  1.Plants are more beautiful than animals. 植物比動(dòng)物更漂亮。

  2.The plants stay green longer there. 那兒的植物能更長時(shí)間保持綠色。

  3.The rainforests are very important to us. (熱帶)雨林對(duì)我們很重要。

  4.Water is necessary for all plants.It is the most important thing toall living things,we must save every drop of water. 水對(duì)所有植物是必需的。它對(duì)所有生物都重要,我們必須節(jié)約每一滴水。

  5.Isn’t it interesting? 是不是很有趣呀?

  6.It is one of the most dangerous fish in the world. 它是世界上最危險(xiǎn)的魚之一。

  7.It is so strange! 太奇怪了!

  三.語法學(xué)習(xí)

  (一.)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成

  1.規(guī)則變化:

  (1.)一般在詞尾加—er或—est.如:fresh—fresher—freshest.

  (2.)以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞,加r或st,如:late—later—latest.

  (3.)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),應(yīng)雙寫這一輔音字母,再加er或est.如:big—bigger—biggest.

  (4.)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,先改y為i,再加er 或est.如:happy—happier—happiest.

  (5.)部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞前面加more或most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。如:careful—more careful—most careful,beautiful—more beautiful—mostbeautiful.

  2.不規(guī)則變化:

  good/well—better—best,little—less—least,many/much—more—most,bad/ill—worse—worst,far—farther/further—farthest/furthest.

  (二.)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法

  1.比較級(jí)AB,經(jīng)常與than搭配,或給出比較的二個(gè)內(nèi)容??捎胢uch和a little修飾.

  2.三者或三者以上比較用最高級(jí),一般給出比較范圍.如:of(in)+„。

  (1)例句:①I’m happier than you. 我比你更快樂。

 ?、赑lants are much more beautiful than animals. 植物比動(dòng)物漂亮

  的多。

  (2)例句:①The boy is the tallest in my class. 這個(gè)男孩是我們班最高的。

 ?、贚esson Two is the most important of all. 第二課是所有中最重要的。

  四.交際用語:學(xué)習(xí)如何用英語描述和談?wù)撐覀兩娴淖匀画h(huán)境

  Do you like plants or animals?

  What are you thinking about?

  Why do you think so?

  What kind of wild animal is the most dangerous,the tiger,the snake or the bear?

  Why must we save every drop of water?

  Topic 2 What can robots do for us?

  一.重點(diǎn)詞語

  1.take the place of 代替,取代

  2.instead of 代替,而不是„„

  3.mistake„for„把„„錯(cuò)當(dāng)

  4.seem to do 好象,似乎

  5.call for 要求

  6.wake sb. up 將某人叫醒

  7.see sb.doing sth. 看見某人正在做某事

  8.use sth. for sth./doing sth. 利用某物做某事

  9.spend„on„ 在„„上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢

  10.be sure of 確信

  11.these days 現(xiàn)在,目前

  12.in alphabetical order 按字母表順序排列

  13.look up 查閱

  14.pay attention to 注意,專心

  15.begin with 以„„開始

  16.and son on 等等

  17.switch on 開(電燈,機(jī)器等)

  18.ask (sb.)for sth. 向„„要„„

  二.重點(diǎn)句型

  1. I’m sure robots can do some work better than humans. 我確信機(jī)器人比人能更好地做某些工作。

  2. I saw a UFO while I was walking down the street yesterday. 昨天我沿著街道走時(shí),看見了一個(gè)不明飛行物。

  3. It looked like a plate. 它看上去像一個(gè)盤子。

  4. Until now,even the scientists are not sure whether there are UFO. 直到現(xiàn)在,甚至科學(xué)家也不確信是否有不明飛行物。

  5. We can shop without going out of our houses. 我們不出家門就能購物。

  6. We can use the Internet for finding a job. 我們可以用網(wǎng)絡(luò)來找工作。

  7. We shouldn’t spend too much time on it.但是我們不應(yīng)該在因特網(wǎng)上面

  花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間。

  8. When you look up a word in the dictionary,pay attention to the first letter of the word. 當(dāng)你在字典里查一個(gè)單詞的時(shí)候,注意這個(gè)單詞的第

  一個(gè)字母。

  三.語法學(xué)習(xí)

  (一.)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別:

  1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或正在做的事情,基本結(jié)構(gòu)be+現(xiàn)在分詞。如:

  肯定句:The robots are making a car now. 這些機(jī)器人正在生產(chǎn)小汽車。

  否定句:We are not studying on the Internet. 我們沒有在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)。

  疑問句:Is the teacher looking up the word in the dictionary?這個(gè)老師正在詞典中查這個(gè)詞嗎?

  特殊疑問句:Who am I talking to?我在和誰談話?

  2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間,正在發(fā)生或正在做的事情?;窘Y(jié)構(gòu)was(were)+現(xiàn)在分詞。

  肯定句:When he came in,I was writing a letter.當(dāng)他進(jìn)來時(shí),我在寫一封信。

  否定句:They weren’t watching TV while she was reading. 她讀書時(shí),他們沒在看電視。

  疑問句:Was the UFO flying to us at 8 last night ?昨晚8點(diǎn)UFO向我們飛來了嗎?

  特殊疑問句:What were you drinking while we were sleeping?我們睡覺時(shí),你們在喝什么?

  進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)往往用在時(shí)間狀語從句中,常與when,while等連詞搭配。

  (二.)be sure結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定和不肯定。be sure一般用來表示肯定,be not sure(whether/if)表示不肯定。

  be sure后面可以跟不定式和賓語從句。跟不定式一般譯為“一定„„”,跟賓語從句,譯為“確信„„”。

  如:

  We are sure to repair the TV well. 我們一定修好這臺(tái)電視機(jī)。

  I’m sure you can finish your work. 我確信你能完成你的工作。

  Are you sure whether(if)he switched the computer on? 你確信他打開還是沒有打開電腦?

  四.交際用語:學(xué)習(xí)用英語談?wù)摤F(xiàn)代科技。

  Could you tell me something about robots?

  Can robots take the place of humans?

  Are you sure there are UFOs?

  Yes,I’m sure.

  No,I’m sure whether/if there are UFOs.

  What do you often do on the Internet?

  Topic 3 There are many old city walls in Beijing,aren’t there?

  一.重點(diǎn)詞語

  1. more than 超過

  2.pull down 推倒,拆毀

  3.heavy traffic 交通繁忙

  4.wear out 磨損,用壞

  5.used to do sth. 過去常常做某事

  6.do one’s best 盡(某人)最大努力

  7.live models 真人模型

  8.the ancient world 古代

  9.be made up of 由„„組成

  10.join„together 把„„連在一起

  11.regard„as„ 把„„看作

  12.be worn out 被損壞

  二.重點(diǎn)句型

  1.Lots of them were pulled down in the 1960s. 他們當(dāng)中許多在二十世紀(jì)六十年代被拆毀。

  2.People thought them useless. 人們認(rèn)為它們沒有用。

  3.It’s really too bad. 這太遺憾了。

  4.We are doing our best to protect and rebuild the old city walls. 我們正在盡全力保護(hù)并重建老城墻。

  5.It is one of the“seven wonders”of the ancient world still standing.它是現(xiàn)存的古代“七大奇跡”之一。

  6.It took 100,000 people over 20 years to build it. 修建它花了10萬人二十多年的時(shí)間。

  7.Since then,people regarded the Great Wall as a symbol of the Chinesenation. 從那以后,人們就把長城看作是中華民族的象征。

  8.Every year many people find great pleasure visiting the wall.每年有許多人參觀長城,從中得到極大樂趣。

  三.語法學(xué)習(xí)

  反意疑問句:由陳述句(或祈使句、感嘆句)加一個(gè)簡短問句構(gòu)成的疑問句叫反意疑問句。實(shí)質(zhì)是前面陳述句的反問句。

  一般對(duì)應(yīng)規(guī)律:前肯后否;前否后肯。即陳述部分為肯定形式,附加問句用否定形式;陳述部分為否定形式,附加問句用肯定形式。如:

  There are many pyramids in Egypt,aren’t there?在埃及有許多金字塔,不是嗎?

  Sally visited the Great Wall last month,didn’t she?薩莉上個(gè)月參觀了長城,不是嗎?

  He doesn’t realize the importance of saving water,does he?他沒有意識(shí)到節(jié)約用水的重要性,是嗎?

  特例點(diǎn)撥:①I’m your good friend,aren’t I?我是你的好朋友,不是嗎?

  I don’t think you can rebuild the house,can you?我認(rèn)為你不能重修這座房子,是嗎?(I don’t think„主要在說think后的內(nèi)容,故按從句變化)。

  ②陳述部分有nobody,nothing,never,no,few(沒幾個(gè)),little(幾乎沒有),hardly(幾乎不)等否定或半否定詞時(shí),仍視為否定句。根據(jù)反意疑問句對(duì)應(yīng)規(guī)律,疑問部分用肯定形式。如:There is nothing in the room,is there?屋子里什么也沒有,是嗎?

  Maria never surports me,does she? 瑪麗亞從未支持過我,是嗎?

  He had few apples,did he? 他幾乎沒有蘋果,是嗎?

 ?、燮硎咕涞姆匆庖蓡柧洌簾o論肯定或否定,通常在祈使句后加上will you?如:

  Please close the door,will you?請關(guān)門好嗎?

  Don’t tear down the old walls,will you?不要拆毀古墻,好嗎?

  但以Let’s開頭的祈使句用shall we?如:let’s make a survey,shall we?我們做個(gè)調(diào)查,好嗎?

  四.交際用語:學(xué)習(xí)用英語描述和談?wù)撝型饷麆俟袍E。

  How many great wonders of the world do you know?

  I know some wonders.

  Do you know these places of interest?

  What is it?

  Where is it?

  Why is it famous?

  Do you know any more information about it?

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