初二英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
I 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化
1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如:
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks tree---trees
2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結(jié)尾的名詞,詞尾加-es。如:
class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes
3.以字母-o結(jié)尾的某些名詞,詞尾加-es。如:
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
4.以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,將-y變?yōu)?i,再加-es。如:
family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries
5.以字母-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v,再加-es。如:
half---halves leaf---leaves
thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是:
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs
serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs
II 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化
1.將-oo改為--ee。如:
foot---feet tooth---teeth
2.將-man改為-men。如:
man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
3.添加詞尾。如:
child---children
4.單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如:
sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people
5.表示“某國(guó)人”的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。即“中日瑞不變英法變,其它國(guó)把-s加后面”。如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
6.其它。如:
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
初二英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納:雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的-ing分詞
初中階段常見(jiàn)的有以下這些:
1.let→letting 讓
hit→hitting 打、撞
cut→cutting 切、割
get→getting 取、得到
sit→sitting 坐
forget→forgetting 忘記
put→putting 放
set→setting 設(shè)置
babysit→babysitting 臨時(shí)受雇照顧嬰兒
2.shop→shopping 購(gòu)物
trip→tripping 絆
stop→stopping 停止
drop→dropping 放棄
3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游
swim→swimming 游泳
run→running 跑步
dig→digging 挖、掘
begin→beginning 開(kāi)始
prefer→preferring 寧愿
plan→planning 計(jì)劃
初二英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納: 肯定句變否定句及疑問(wèn)句要變化的一些詞
1.some變?yōu)閍ny。如:
There are some birds in the tree.
→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是,若在表示請(qǐng)邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求的句子中,some可以不變。如:
Would you like some orange juice?
與此相關(guān)的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化。
2.and變?yōu)閛r。如:
I have a knife and a ruler.
→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)變?yōu)閙any或much。如:
They have a lot of friends.(可數(shù)名詞)
→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可數(shù)名詞)
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
4.already變?yōu)閥et。如:
I have been there already.
→I haven't been there yet.
初二英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納: in與after
in 與 after 都可以表示時(shí)間,但二者有所區(qū)別。
1.in 經(jīng)常用于將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中,以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn),表示將來(lái)一段時(shí)間。如:
He will leave for Beijing in a week.
一周后他會(huì)動(dòng)身去北京。
2.after 經(jīng)常用于過(guò)去時(shí)的句子中,以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn),表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間。如:
He left for Beijing after a week.
一周后他動(dòng)身去了北京。
不過(guò),如果after后跟的是具體的時(shí)刻,它也可用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如:
We will finish the work after ten o'clock.
十點(diǎn)后我們會(huì)完成工作的。
3.注意區(qū)分以下的in的用法。
I'll visit him in a week.
一周后我會(huì)去拜訪他。
I'll visit him twice in a week.
一周內(nèi)我會(huì)去拜訪他兩次。
初二英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納:不定冠詞a與an的使用
1.a 用在以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。如:
There is a "b" in the word "book".
單詞book中有個(gè)字母b。
類(lèi)似的字母還有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife.
她有一把小刀。
2.an 用于以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。如:
There is an "i" in the word "onion".
單詞onion中有個(gè)字母i。
類(lèi)似的字母還有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
Do you have an umbrella?
你有一把雨傘嗎?
3.以元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前面不一定都用an;以輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如:
a useful book
a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle
an umbrella
an honest person
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